【預刊】（36卷5期）從「制度」到「相伴」？已婚女性的婚姻型態與婚姻品質

From Institution to Companionship? Marriage Types and Marriage Quality among Married Women

本研究以「家庭動態資料庫」調查資料，運用潛在類型分析區辨已婚女性的婚姻型態並分析婚姻型態與婚姻品質的關聯性。結果呈現四種婚姻型態：（1）「制度型」；（2）「友伴型」；（3）兼具制度及友伴特徵的「規範友伴型」；以及（4）態度現代、分工決策傳統且親屬互動展現自主性的「折衝型」。已婚女性的婚姻型態存在世代差異，並受到個人資源、家庭發展階段影響。婚姻類型與婚姻品質存在關聯，「規範友伴型」的婚姻滿意度最高、衝突最低，「制度型」的婚姻滿意度最低、衝突也較高。本研究由華人家庭與婚姻本質就研究結果加以討論。

In this study we examined types of marriages among contemporary mar-ried women. The relationships between marriage types and marital quality were explored. Data were taken from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) (N=1,128). Using latent class analysis (LCA) to develop a typology of marriages, we found four types: (a) Institutional, (b) Companionate, (c) Institu-tional companionate, and (d) Negotiate. The marriage types of married women showed generational differences and were related to personal resources and family development stages. The findings show that the types of marriages are significantly related to both marital satisfaction and marital conflict. The Insti-tutional companionate model of marriage, women who embraced traditional norms about marriage and gender equality of housework division enjoyed high-quality marriages. Marriages organized according to institutional norms experienced lower levels of marital quality. The results are discussed from a culture-informed perspective on marital typologies.