【預刊】（36卷4期）歐盟的政治形式與歐盟條約的「國際社會契約」面向：重訪普芬道夫、孟德斯鳩與盧梭的聯邦政治體理論

The Political Form of the European Union and the Inter-State Social-Contract Aspect of the EU Treaties: Revisiting the Federation Theories of Pufendorf, Montesquieu and Rousseau

聯邦政治體理論兼顧對歐盟運作的現實描述、歐盟政治正當性來源的理論說明，以及歐盟未來組織改革方向的規範性指引，是當今競爭詮釋歐盟政治形式的多種嘗試中最首尾一貫的理論。然而由於此一理論陣營強調歐盟條約的憲法面向，其無法合理說明歐盟條約對歐盟會員國造成的身分轉變效果。藉由重返普芬道夫、孟德斯鳩與盧梭的聯邦政治體理論，本文指出歐盟條約可以被理解為同時具有國際社會契約與聯邦憲法的性質。歐盟條約因此是國家主權自願服從嚴格意義法治的具體例證。

The theory of federation provides an accurate description of EU’s functioning, a sound explanation of the source of its political legitimacy, as well as a normative guide to its future reform. It is the most coherent among various theories currently competing to answer the question of EU’s political form. Unfortunately, due to its focus on the constitutional aspect of the EU Treaties, it cannot yet properly explain the Treaties’ status-transforming effect on the EU Member States. By returning to the federation theories of Pufendorf, Montesquieu and Rousseau, this article shows that the EU Treaties can be understood as simultaneously having the qualities of an inter-state social contract and a federal constitution. The EU Treaties are therefore a concrete example of national sovereignty willingly submitting itself to the rule of law in the strict sense.