【預刊】（36卷4期）霍布斯、普芬道夫與國家人格理論

Hobbes, Pufendorf, and the Fictional Theory of the State

本文探討政治理論的一個重要課題：國家的人格理論。學界當前對國家人格理論的研究成果指出，十七世紀的英格蘭政治思想家湯瑪斯．霍布斯與日耳曼法學家山謬爾．普芬道夫的政治思想，為國家的人格理論提出了一個核心概念，即國家是一個道德人格。本文藉由對霍布斯與普芬道夫文本的分析挑戰既有的論點，指出霍布斯與普芬道夫實際上從兩個不同的脈絡，發展出他們乍看相似，但存在根本差異的國家人格理論。

This article is about the fictional theory of the state. It revisits the claim that the English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes and the German jurist Samuel von Pufendorf had collectively shaped the theory’s foundational concept; namely the conception of the political state as a moral person. The paper argues against this by analyzing Hobbes’s and Pufendorf’s theories of the state, showing how, underlying their seemingly resembling arguments, they held profoundly different understandings the idea of the state as a person and the meaning of moral agency. The paper thus suggests that Hobbes and Pufendorf had developed two different kinds of the fictional theory of the state.