蔡元培與泡爾生「非理性思想」的譯介以《倫理學原理》為中心

Cai Yuanpei and His Translation of Friedrich Paulsen’s Counter-Reason Thoughts: A Study on Principles of Ethics

蔡元培（1868-1940）的清末啟蒙思想與民國美育方案緊密相關，學界近年始有關注，惟以其對井上圓了之接受為主，未就其翻譯泡爾生（Friedrich Paulsen，1846-1908）《倫理學原理》一書作專題討論。泡氏乃德國著名哲學家、教育家，撰有《倫理學大系》，《倫理學原理》為其中之一長篇。1907年蔡元培留學德國，大量吸收歐洲哲學、美學、心理學知識。翌年泡氏去世，蔡元培隨即翻譯《倫理學原理》，並付商務印書館於1909年9月出版。本文由此跨文化文本切入，首先檢視蔡元培在留德初期所接受的文化思想，揭示泡氏的倫理學思想和情志論提供了一套非理性觀照予他，繼而比較二人在宗教啟蒙之道上的分歧。透過研究此書，可有助學界理解蔡氏在學習西學時思想逐漸成形的過程。

Recent research realizes that Cai Yuanpei (蔡元培, 1868-1940)’s thoughts on enlightenment in late Qing and his aesthetic education plan in early republican China are correlated. Most of them center at Cai’s reception of Inoue Enryō(1858-1919), whereas there has been rare discussion on Cai’s reception of Friedrich Paulsen (1846-1908) and the translation of Principles of Ethics《倫理學原理》. Paulsen is an important German philosopher and educationist. Principles of Ethics was originally a long chapter from his book System of Ethic. In 1907, Cai studied in Germany, assimilating knowledge from European philosophy, aesthetics and psychology. Paulsen passed away in the next year, soon afterwards, Cai started translating Principles of Ethics and then published it at The Commercial Press in September 1909. The paper first evaluates the culture Cai received when he first came to Germany based on this transcultural text, revealing that Paulsen’s thoughts on ethics and ideas towards affect-will provided the vision of counter-reason to Cai. The paper then compares their different points of view on using religion as the way of enlightenment. The paper illustrates that Cai gave an active and unique response to the West in translating counter-reason, and the case could present the agency of intellectuals in thoughts translation. The paper provides a more comprehensive understanding to the formation of Cai’s thought during his studies on the West.