南洋風起：《南洋研究》與《南洋情報》的地誌書寫

The Rise of Nanyang Studies: Topography Writings in Nanyang Yanjiu and Nanyang Qingbao (1928-1944)

1927年，上海暨南大學設置南洋研究機構「南洋文化教育事業部」，接連出版《南洋研究》、《南洋情報》與《中南情報》等關注南洋問題的刊物。在中國面臨內憂外患的危機時刻，一群中國學人把注意力投向被西方殖民的南洋群島。本文試圖解析二戰結束前中國知識分子凝視南洋的動因、過程和意義，從上海暨大《南洋研究》和《南洋情報》的南洋風土志和遊記，觀察他們如何透過「想像的異邦」建構「想像的中華共同體」，回應晚清民國以來「中國殖民南洋論」政治話語。本文發現這群南洋地誌書寫者，一方面藉由女性化、野獸化和黏膩化南洋，嚴辨華夷界限，修復早已崩裂的天下觀；一方面強調中國與南洋在血緣和語言上同出一源，還有鄭和創造南洋風土，模糊華夷界限，自行擴大中國在南方的影響範圍。兩種書寫策略，旨在唯心地把南洋收編在中國之內，由此獲得抵抗西洋與東洋殖民帝國主義的心理力量。

In 1927, Jinan University in Shanghai established the Department of Nanyang Culture and Education, a Nanyang research institute, which released a succession of publications focusing on Nanyang issues, including Nanyang Yanjiu《南洋研究》, Nanyang Qingbao《南洋情報》, and Zhongnan Qingbao《中南情報》. At a time of crisis when China was confronted with internal and external troubles, a group of Chinese intellectuals turned their attention to the Nanyang islands which had been colonized by the West. This study attempts to analyze the motivation, process, and significance of Chinese intellectuals’concern for Nanyang before the end of the Second World War. Based on the Nanyang-related topography writings and travelogues in Nanyang Yanjiu and Nanyang Qingbao published by Jinan University, the study examines how Chinese intellectuals constructed an“imagined Chinese community”through the southern foreign states in response to the political discourse of“China colonized Nanyang”since the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China. The present study has found that these Nanyang topography writers, on the one hand, feminized, beastized, and sordidized Nanyang, trying to restore the long-broken views of all under heaven (views of tianxia天下) through a strict Sino-barbarian dichotomy. On the other hand, they stressed that people in China and Nanyang shared the same origin in blood and language to blur the Sino-barbarian dichotomy and willfully expand the scope of China’s influence in the south. Both writing strategies were intended to include Nanyang as a part of China, thereby obtaining the psychological strength to resist Western and Eastern colonial imperialism.