全球化與越南教育改革政策（1986-2020）

Globalization and Vietnam’s Educational Reform Policy (1986–2020)

自1986年越南開始推行「革新」（Đổi Mới）改革以來，越南已經從一個由國家控制的中央計畫經濟，逐漸轉向社會主義導向的市場經濟，這些變化也使越南不得不重新思考和調整其教育政策，1986年至2020年間，全球化對越南教育的影響，最明顯地體現在越南參與國際組織，推動課程改革，以及採用國際教育標準等方面，本文的分析指出，越南教育體系是在一個逐步變化的過程中發展起來的，在改革初期，教育政策主要關注提高全民識字率，並擴大整個教育體系的規模，後來的改革則更加重視課程的調整，教科書的更新，教學標準的提升，越南教育的國際化，以及不同教育機構之間合作關係的建立，然而，在這一過程中，越南也面臨不少挑戰，這些問題包括因經費不足而導致改革執行效果不佳，各地教育基礎設施水準不一致，教育成果與勞動市場需求之間的不一致，以及數位資源取得不均等問題，本文提出以下建議，為了進一步推動教育改革，越南需要建立一個更加整合的教育結構，加強教育機構與企業之間的關係，並投入更多資源於STEM領域，特別是數位教育。

Since 1986, when Vietnam’sĐổi Mới reforms process began, the country has transformed from a state-controlled, centrally planned economy to a socialism-oriented market economy. These changes have meant that Vietnam has had to reevaluate its education policies. The impacts of globalization on Vietnam’s education between 1986 and 2020 are most evident in Vietnam’s participation in international organizations, curriculum reform, and the adoption of international educational standards. This paper’s analysis highlights the gradual changes that have taken place to Vietnam’s education system over time. At the early stages, policy was principally concerned with improving literacy rates among the general population and widening out the education system as a whole. Later changes were more focused on the evolving curriculum, along with bringing textbooks up to date, improving teaching standards, internationalizing Vietnam’s education, and creating partnerships across educational institutions. However, there have been challenges along the way, involving a lackluster implementation of reforms due to poor funding, varying standards in educational infrastructure, poor alignment between education and the labor market, and patchy access to digital resources. This paper suggests that in order to push through further educational reforms, a more integrated educational structure is required, strengthening relations between education establishments and businesses, and investing more resources in STEM subjects, particularly digital education.