在自主大學中發展永續性的學術人員工作激勵政策：以越南國家大學胡志明市校區為例之現象學研究

Developing Sustainable Work Motivation Policies for Academic Staff in Autonomous Universities: A Phenomenological Study at Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City

大學自主已成為越南高等教育體系中的重要改革趨勢，特別是在2018年《高等教育法》修正之後。2025年《高等教育法》和2025年修正的《教育法》也進一步更新了相關政策架構。在此背景下，建構永續性的學術人員工作激勵政策，對提升大學教師的投入程度、工作表現與長期專業發展具有重要意義。本研究採用質性現象學方法，並透過半結構式訪談和深度訪談蒐集資料。研究越南國家大學胡志明市校區（VNU-HCM）所屬八所成員大學中的七所進行，研究參與者包括大學教師、院長、中心主任及來自越南國家大學胡志明市校區組織人事委員會的校級管理人員。研究果顯示，永續性的工作激勵政策應建立在四個彼此密切關聯的政策面向之上：組織政策、財務政策、人力源政策，以及學術與研究政策。然而，目前仍存在若干障礙，例如收入不足、學與研究失衡、專業發展機會有限、研究支持不均，以及政策執行上的不足。此，各大學需要制定具協調性、彈性、公平性，且符合各校具體情境的政策，以在大學自主背景下持續維持教師的工作動機。

University autonomy has become a major reform trend in Vietnam’s higher education system, particularly since the 2018 amended Law on Higher Education, with the 2025 Law on Higher Education and the 2025 amended Education Law further updating the policy framework. In this context, developing sustainable work motivation policies for academic staff is essential to enhance lecturers’commitment, performance, and long-term professional development. This study used a qualitative phenomenological approach approach and collected data through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The research was conducted at seven of the eight member universities of Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), with participants including lecturers, Deans of Faculty, Center Directors and VNU-HCM-level administrator from the Organization and Personnel Board. The findings show that sustainable work motivation policies should be built around four closely connected policy groups: organizational, financial, human resource, and academic-research policies. However, several barriers remain, such as inadequate income, imbalance between teaching and research, limited professional development opportunities, uneven research support, and weaknesses in policy implementation. Therefore, universities need coordinated, flexible, fair, and context-sensitive policies to sustain lecturers’motivation under university autonomy.