日本大學校務認可評鑑制度之發展與改革趨勢

The Development and Reform Trends of University Certified Evaluation and Accreditation in Japan

大學校務評鑑已成為各國推動高等教育品質保證的重要途徑，只是採用何種評鑑方式各國皆有不同。日本政府自第二次世界大戰以後，基本上採取「認可制」政策，從大學基準協會進行大學設置時的認可機制，再推校務的認証機制，並從自我評鑑開始做起，然後再到推動第三者機構外部評鑑之認證評鑑方式，而有關推動第三者評鑑每7年一期，已進入第四週期。本文旨在探討日本大學現行校務認可評鑑制度之發展與改革趨勢，首先回顧其制度發展歷程，其次說明制度的重要內涵與實務，並進一步分析在實施過程中的成效與面臨的問題，最後提出結論與建議，作為相關單位精進大學校務評鑑之參考。

The implementation of university accreditation has become a key strategy for ensuring the quality of higher education worldwide. However, different countries adopt various approaches to evaluation. Since World War II, the Japanese government has primarily employed a“recognition system”policy. Initially, this involved an authorization mechanism by the Japan University Accreditation Association JUAA during university establishment, followed by the implementation of institutional accreditation. The process began with self-evaluation and gradually progressed to third-party external evaluations through certified accreditation bodies. These third-party evaluations are conducted in seven-year cycles and are now in their fourth cycle. This study aims to explore the development and reform trends of Japan’s current university accreditation system. It first reviews the historical development of the system, then outlines its key components and practices. The study further analyzes the effectiveness and challenges encountered during implementation. Finally, it offers conclusions and recommendations to inform efforts by relevant institutions to enhance university accreditation practices.