人類發展階段理論的反思：Bernard Lievegoed的發展性生命史理論

在日益老化、後新冠疫情和全球氣候適應的社會中，對人類發展（尤指成人）的研究變得越來越重要。了解生命如何經歷各個階段，同時將生命週期視為有節奏的擴展，可以使理論家、教育工作者和/或心理學相關專業人員受益：無論是致力於自身的發展目標或學習過程，還是為他人應用成人發展理論。本文探討了成人發展理論的前景，並透過提供一個新的視角，超越了佛洛伊德和艾瑞克森的既定觀點，介紹了荷蘭精神科醫生和學者伯納·李古德的生命節律理論。透過審視人類發展思想的進展，作者希望強調反思我們作為個體所處的人生階段的重要性，以及從更廣泛的角度來看，這種認識將如何與我們應對社會環境和生活聯結起來。緣此，本文的價值就在於提供相關專業人員新的人類發展視角，以利實務現場上更多可能性的協助學生與個案的策略。

In an increasingly aging, Post-COVID, and climate adapting society, the study of (adult) human development becomes more and more relevant. The understanding of how life moves through stages while seeing a lifespan as a rhythmical expanse, can benefit theorists, educators and/or healthcare professionals, whether working on a developmental goal or learning process of their own or applying adult developmental theory for someone else. This paper browses the landscape of adult development theory and, by offering a new perspective, directs the look beyond the well-established ideas by Freud and Erikson to introduce the rhythms in life theory of Bernard Lievegoed, a Dutch psychiatrist and academic. By examining the progress in thinking on human development, the Authors hope to stress the importance of reflection on what stage of life we are in as individuals and, from a wider perspective, how this realization will relate to how we respond to our social surroundings and the global crises that are confronting us. In this way, the value of this paper lies in adding the theory of Lievegoed to the body of thought on human development.