佛教高僧傳法策略及群僧形象對教育之啟示：以《高僧傳‧唱導》為討論核心

The Enlightenment of the Teaching Strategies of Eminent Buddhist Monks and the Images of Monks on Education: Focus on ''Biography of Eminent Monks-Sermon''

有效教學與教學策略運用有關，但教學策略眾多，最關鍵的是教師能否在理解自我後，選擇符合理念及適應學生學習的教學策略。南朝梁慧皎（497年～554年）所著之《高僧傳》為中國現存第一部僧傳，本研究試以《高僧傳》中「唱導」篇為討論核心，並從唱導僧人之生命歷程、群僧形象及傳法策略中探討其對教育之啟示。「唱導」目的為「宣唱法理，開導眾心」，即高僧藉淺近的教導方法來宣講佛理。研究發現，唱導僧人符合慧皎認為唱導所重視的「聲、辯、才、博」特點，他們博覽群書、好學認真、口才甚佳、聲音多元，更能適時調整說講方式，也能將個人經歷、技藝神通的經驗融入說講中，此可提供教師在覺察反省自我特質與選擇教學策略方面，有更多面向的思索。

Effective teaching is closely related to the application of teaching strategies, but with numerous teaching strategies available, the key lies in whether a teacher can choose strategies that align with their beliefs and adapt to students' learning. ''The Biographies of Eminent Monks,'' written by Hui Jiao of the Southern Liang Dynasty (497-554 AD), is the first surviving Buddhist biographical text in China. This study focuses on the '' Sermon '' section within ''The Biographies of Eminent Monks'' as its central discussion point and delves into the implications of education from the life experiences and teaching strategies of the sermon-monks. The purpose of '' sermon '' is to ''proclaim the principles of the Dharma and guide the hearts of the masses,'' indicating that these eminent monks use straightforward teaching methods to expound Buddhist doctrines. The research findings reveal that the sermon-monks embody the characteristics emphasized by Hui Jiao, including ''eloquence, debating skills, talent, and extensive knowledge.'' They are well-read, dedicated learners, possess excellent speaking abilities, and have diverse voices. Moreover, they can adjust their teaching methods according to individuals and circumstances, and they can incorporate their personal experiences and extraordinary skills into their teachings. This provides teachers with a broader perspective when it comes to self-awareness and the selection of teaching strategies.