由「熏」入道──梁啟超〈論小說與群治之關係〉中的佛教唯識思想底蘊

From“Edify”to the Dao──The Buddhist Yogācāra Foundations of Liang Qichao's ''On the Relationship Between the Novel and Good Governance''

梁啟超〈論小說與群治之關係〉一文，歷來被視為是其「小說界革命」的起點，主要的目的，則是緣於「救亡圖存」的需求，藉「小說」以達到改革社會人心的成果。故對於此文，學界過去的討論多聚焦在文學性與政治意圖之上。然而，細繹梁啟超之文字，實可發現梁氏所討論「小說」的功能性，理論來源上有得自於佛教唯識學的啟發；而其之所以採行佛學以言「圖治」，在當時佛學復興運動的背景下，亦有受到與他來往密切的師友之影響。因此本文的研究，首先是透過考察當時的歷史脈絡，以彰明梁啟超採行「佛教」的知識背景，其次則以〈論小說與群治之關係〉，結合佛教唯識學，嘗試分析支撐梁啟超論述「小說」功能性的理論依據內容。

Liang Qichao's ''On the Relationship Between the Novel and Good Governance'' has long been regarded as the starting point of his ''novelistic revolution,'' with its main purpose stemming from the need for ''saving the country and preserving the people,'' using the novel to achieve social reform. Therefore, previous scholarly discussions of this work have focused mainly on its literary qualities and political intentions. However, a closer examination of Liang's writings reveals that his discussion of the functional role of the novel is theoretically inspired by the Buddhist Yogacara philosophy. The reason he chose to use Buddhist teachings to achieve '' exert oneself to govern the country with precision '' is also influenced by his close relationship with his teachers and friends during the Buddhist revival movement of the time. Therefore, this paper first examines the historical context to elucidate Liang Qichao's adoption of Buddhist knowledge, and then combines the Buddhist Yogacara philosophy with ''On the Relationship Between the Novel and Good Governance'' to analyze the theoretical basis that supports Liang Qichao's discourse on the functional role of the novel.