科舉思想的傳承與教育轉型的衝擊──以清代江陰金氏家族為例

The inheritance of imperial examination ideas and the impact of educational transformation──based on the example of the Jin family in Jiangyin during the Qing Dynasty

自科舉制度創立以來，不但打破了傳統社會的階級制度，亦使得不少傳統士人家族，在教育與家學傳承上付出心力，為的就是使後代子孫能持續以應舉為業，藉由科舉功名，維繫家族的社會地位。
清代的江陰金氏家族，並非世代中舉得第的科舉望族，但做為傳統的科舉家族，他們以傳統科舉思想教育子孫，並同樣渴望藉由子孫的中舉得第，實現自我價值的理想。江陰文人金武祥，生於道光年間，卒於民國年後。身為江陰金氏家族的一份子，在他固守家族傳統家學思想的一生中，必須面對西學對傳統價值觀的衝擊、科舉變革與廢除，以及新式教育的興起。在受到歷史變局的影響下，他的教育思想必定與過往的傳統士人截然不同。
本文透過金武祥的日記與著述中，探尋不少江陰金氏家族自祖父輩以降的傳統家學教育史料，將江陰金氏符合傳統士人家族的應舉文化，以及面臨科舉停廢、新式教育的接受歷程，藉由現存史料反映一個中下階層傳統科舉家族，在西學東漸後教育思想轉變的一個面向。

Since the establishment of the imperial examination system, it has not only broken the class system of traditional society, but also caused many traditional scholar families to devote great efforts to education and inheritance of family knowledge, in order to enable future generations to continue to take the examination as a career, and through the imperial examination fame maintains the family's social status.
Through Jin Wu-xiang's diaries and writings, this article explores many historical materials on traditional family education since his grandfather's generation, as well as Jin Wu-xiang's educational thoughts in the face of changes in the times. Through the discussion of the educational thoughts of the Jin family in Jiangyin, It reflects an aspect of the transformation of educational ideas of a lower middle class traditional imperial examination family after the spread of Western learning to the East.