南京國民政府統治初期北平的黨務紛爭：以市黨部為中心的考察（1928-1929）

Dissensions over Party Affairs in Beiping during the Initial Stage of the Nanjing Nationalist Government: The Municipal Party Committee, 1928–1929

南京國民政府統治初期，北平市黨部主要脫胎於國民黨在華北祕密活動時期的幾個「小組織」，呈現出比較濃厚的地方性特徵。九位黨務指導委員雖在形式上經過了上級任命，但與中央黨部淵源不深，關係疏離。市黨部自公開之日起就因黨員登記、國民黨第三次全國代表大會代表人選等問題，對抗中央，多次爆發風潮。改組派乘機攪局，推波助瀾，進一步加劇了北平黨務亂象。蔣介石對此早有關注，主動出擊，逐步收攏北平地方黨部的人事主導權，丁惟汾、閻錫山、陳果夫等人深度牽涉其中，線索紛繁。北平的黨務紛爭不只是北平一地的問題，反映了南京國民政府初期對華北地區的統治形態與執政基礎。

During the initial stage of the Nationalist government at Nanjing, the KMT Beiping Municipal Party Headquarters mainly emerged out of several groupuscules from when the KMT operated secretly in North China, hence enjoying a strong characteristic of locality. Although the nine steering committee members were formally appointed by central party authorities, their loose relationship with central headquarters caused an inevitable alienation between the two. From the first day that the Municipal Party Committee was publicized, due to the issues including the registration of party members and the selection of the Third National Congress of the KMT representatives, the municipal branch confronted central authorities, causing multiple instances of social agitation. In addition, the KMT Reorganization Group took the opportunity to add fuel to the conflagration and further escalated the chaos concerning party affairs in Beiping. Chiang Kai-shek蔣介石(1887–1975), who had long taken notice of the situation, took the initiative to gradually seize power over the personnel of the municipal branch, a process of which deeply involved Ding Weifen丁惟汾(1874–1954), Yan Xishan閻錫山(1883–1960), Chen Guofu陳果夫(1892–1951), and others, presenting a complex image. The dissensions over party affairs in Beiping, however, were not merely a local issue, instead reflecting administrative foundations and patterns of governance over North China by the Nanjing Nationalist government in their early period.