澳洲大學的公共性初探：公立大學體系中市場化取向下的公共性

An Exploration of Publicness in Australian Universities: The Publicness in the Marketization of Public University System

本文旨在探討澳洲大學與教育政策的公共性。尤其澳洲以公立大學為高等教育的主幹，卻推動新自由主義取向的政策，強調市場化發展，本文著重於探討在此脈絡下如何維持公立大學的公共性。本文先介紹澳洲高等教育的結構，瞭解澳洲高等教育的類型與數量，繼之介紹發展簡史以及主要的高等教育政策，最後耙梳「公共性」的概念後進行澳洲大學體系的公共性分析。最後本文採取公共教育、為公共目的而設、對公共負責、公共財、共善、公共領域等公共性概念，檢視澳洲大學發展與政策。本文提出幾個澳洲大學的公共性：以公立大學為主體的公共性、由國家政策與公共需求所引導的發展方向、訴求公平正義之「共善」公共性的高等教育大眾化與扶弱策略、國際教育擴展全球共善與公共財，及新自由主義取向與市場化策略的公共性爭議。

This article means to explore the publicness of Australian universities and education policies. It’s quite unique that the majority of Australian universities are public but the main education policies have been neo-liberalist oriented and emphasized marketization since 1988. How has Australian university system and policies maintained the publicness is an issue worth exploration. The authors firstly introduced the structure and types of Australian higher education institutions and a brief history of higher education, secondly the development of education policies, thirdly the concepts of publicness and analysis of the traits of Australian universities’publicness. The publicness included: 1. Public universities have been the main structure of higher education. 2. National policies and public demands have led the development of universities. 3. The pursuit of public good as equity had been realized through massification of universities and the help strategies for disadvantaged students. 4. The expansion of international education achieved global public good and global public goods. 5. Some raised the emancipation and individual right as the publicness of neo-liberalism and marketization. But there has bee debate on that.