國小教師知覺政治行為之研究

The Study of Perceived Political Behaviors by Elementary School Teachers in Taiwan

基於「社會及人際互動之過程」的原理，人類社會的各種組織中，人際間各種型態的聯合與鬥爭現象，實是理所當然之事。聯合與鬥爭的目的即是利益的獲得與權力的掌控，聯合與鬥爭的現象即是政治行為。政治行為不但是人類社會的正常現象，也是普遍存在各種組織的日常運作之中的現實。國民小學做為一種組織，大部分的學校行政工作由教師兼任，國小教師因而無法避免各種權力之運作、資源或利益之分配所渉及政治行為的影響。本研究因此意圖對我國國小組織中政治行為的現象做初歩的探討，並達到以下的目的：一、 探討有關政治行為的意義與內涵。二、 了解我國國小組織中政治行為發生的情形。三、 了解我國國小教師對國小組織中政治行為的知覺情形。本研究的研究工具為採用因素分析法發展的「國小教師知覺政治行為問卷」研究對象取自在臺中師院暑期進修的國小現職教師共810名。問卷調查取得的資料經以平均數差異檢定、單因子變異數分析等統計方法處理。主要的發現有下列三項：一、 政治行為在我國小學組中確是普遍存在之事實，但政治行為與行政管理技巧及人際交往技巧則有相互重疊之處。二、 基本上不同背景的國小教師在知覺政治行為發生的頻率方面有差異的情形較多，但是對政治行為認同的程度則大致上差不多。三、 在未婚的、年紀輕的以及資淺的國小教師的眼中看到比較多的政治行為，未婚的和年紀輕的國小教師也比較不能接受政治行為。

Basing on the principle that society is the process of interaction between human─beings， phenomenon of all kinds of coalition and struggle in most types of human organizations are of common facts. The phenomenon mentioned are political behaviors by which men try to control the powers and interests in organizations.Political behaviors are not only the normal phenomenon in human societies but also pervasive facts in daily operation of organizations. The elementary schools as an organization therefore cannot avoid its members who are responsible to most of its administrative work being involved in political behaviors concerning the operation of powers and the distribution of sources or interests.The study was aimed to make an explorary research to the phenomenon of political behaviors in elementary schools in Taiwan. R.O.C. with three purposes， i.e.， to study the meaning and content of political behaviors， to discover what political behaviors occur in elementary schools and to find out how schools teachers perceive them.The tool used was “Questionnaire of Political Behaviors perceived by Elementary School Teachers” which was developed by way of factor analysis statistics and 810 subjects were sampled from elementary school teaches who were taking an advanced courses in Taichung Teachers’ College. The data obtained were analyzed by t─test and one way─anova and the main discoveries were：\r1. The political behaviors are indeed pervasive facts in elementary schools in Taiwan but they are somewhat overlapped with administrative skills and human─relationship skills.2. Basically there are many significant differences in happening frequency of political behaviors perceived by different background elementary school teachers but there only few in the degree of identifying political behaviors.3. The unmarried， young and low tenure elementary school teachers perceived more political behaviors and the unmarried and young ones accepted political behaviors in lower degree.