一帶一路倡議對柬埔寨發展的機會與挑戰

The Opportunities and Challenges of the Belt and Road Initiative for the Development of Cambodia

本研究旨在分析中國一帶一路倡議（BRI）對柬埔寨政治、經濟和社會等因素的影響。柬埔寨是東南亞國家協會（ASEAN）中最支持習近平一帶一路倡議的國家。本研究首先比較中國官方媒體和柬埔寨政府，在報導與一帶一路基礎設施協議相關的事項時，所呈現的不同觀點，揭示其中的基本敘述和利益。其次，探討日本和中國在參與柬埔寨基礎建設過程中所採取的策略，包括日本的官方發展援助（ODA）和中國的對外直接投資（FDI）以及建設－營運－移交（BOT）模式，並評估兩者對柬埔寨經濟發展的影響。另外，納入中國在西哈努克港經濟特區投資進行案例研究，透過中國在西港經濟特區投資的經濟效益、潛在挑戰和社會影響，審視一帶一路倡議在柬埔寨的影響。在後疫情時代，中國經濟增長預期會放緩的情況下，本研究探討一帶一路倡議對柬埔寨未來的影響。最後，分析一帶一路倡議與柬埔寨即將到來的七月選舉之間的關係。在兼顧公民社會對自由公正選舉、民主和公眾參與的要求下，洪森政府是如何利用一帶一路基礎設施成果來增強其持續執政的合法性。

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on Cambodia, considering political, economic, and social factors. This analysis contributes to a nuanced understanding of Cambodia’s involvement in the .BRI, providing a basis for informed decision-making and future policy considerations. Additionally, the study incorporates a case study on China’s investment in the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone (SSEZ), offering insights into the specific implications of China’s engagement in this economic zone. Through an examination of the economic benefits, potential challenges, and social implications of China’s SSEZ investment, this case study enhances our understanding of the broader implications of the BRI in Cambodia. Moreover, the study investigates the effects of the BRI on Cambodia in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the anticipated slowdown in China’s economic growth. Finally, it delves into the relationship between the BRI and the upcoming July election in Cambodia, analyzing the political context and examining how the Hun Sen government leverages BRI infrastructure achievements to strengthen its legitimacy, while considering civil society demands for free and fair elections, democracy, and public participation.