運用既有專長提供服務之退休者實踐社群研究

A Study on Communities of Practice for Retirees Using Existing Expertise to Provide Services

為了豐富退休生活，讓人生價值能在退休之後持續發光發熱，許多退休者組成社群，運用過往專長回饋社會。這種以社群方式集合高齡者多年智慧的社會實踐，是一種融合服務與學習的實踐社群。透過合作學習，這類社群一方面使高齡人力資源再度獲得發展，另一方面則讓高齡者走出家門，重新懷抱社會。為了瞭解這類社群的運作情形以及形成因素，研究者以Wenger（1998）所提出的實踐社群理論為基礎，以S退休志工實踐社群為個案，採用半結構式訪談法，針對領導者、資深成員、資淺成員進行訪談，獲得以下結論：一、運作上，此類社群以服務社會的意義感為核心，串聯相互投入、聯合願景與共享智庫，並以實務案例、現場教學、經驗分享作為專業發展的主要方式。二、促成此類實踐社群聯合願景的因素包括：找到退休後目標與生活重心、追求自身的意義與價值感，以及共鳴的志業。三、促成社群成員相互投入的原因在於：彼此間濃厚的情誼、榮譽心、投入過程的愉悅感與意義感、固定聚會。四、這類實踐社群共享智庫形成的因素為：利用問題導向的做中學強化個人智庫、利用共享機制將個人經驗與資源轉化為共享智庫、藉由持續參加定期聚會的習慣鞏固分享機制、透過多元互動強化共享智庫的發展。

To enrich retired life and ensure that life values continue to shine after retirement, many retirees form communities to contribute to society by utilizing their past expertise. This social practice combines service and learning, bringing together the accumulated wisdom of older adults through communities of practice (CoPs). These communities not only promote the ongoing development of senior citizens’human resources but also encourage retirees to re-engage within society. To understand the operation and formation factors of such communities, researchers have based their study on Wenger's (1998) theory of CoPs, using the S Retirement Volunteer CoP as a case study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders, senior members, and junior members. The following conclusions were reached: In operation, this kind of community focuses on the sense of serving the society as the core, so as to connect mutual engagement, joint enterprise and shared repertoire, and use practical cases, on-site teaching and experience sharing as the main means of professional development. Factors that promote joint enterprise within the CoP include defining post-retirement goals and life priorities, pursuing personal meaning and values, and establishing resonant career goals. Mutual engagement among community members is driven by strong friendships, a sense of honor, joy, and meaning derived from the collaborative process, as well as regular meetings. Shared repertoire within such a CoP is driven by utilizing problem-based learning to enhance individual knowledge, transforming personal experiences and resources into a shared repertoire through effective sharing mechanisms, consolidating the sharing mechanism by continuously participating in regular meetings, and fostering the development of the shared repertoire through diverse interactions.