台灣文學在法國的現狀

The status of Taiwan Literature in France

外國學者接觸台灣文學的研究領域，不難發現英譯的作品以及以英文書寫的資料或研究專書遠遠超過其他西方語言。且大部分研究台灣文學的台灣學者掌握的第二語言皆是世界上相對強勢的英文。這當然不能否認以英文書寫的研究在各個領域的重要性及貢獻，加上第二次世界大戰後受美國的政治、經濟及學術多方面的影響，許多台灣學者能接觸到海外有關台灣文學的論述大多是以「美國」為中心書寫而成的，因此較難接觸其它語言的研究或譯作。本文擬從不同角度探討法國這個非美國的西方國家對於台灣文學的看法，考量研究台灣文學外譯及海外出版需具備的語言能力，本文將以筆者最熟悉的法國為研究場域，介紹法國的台灣文學出版現狀，並探討法國出版界與讀者的期待視界（horizon d'attente）。因此，本文先從台灣研究在法國的正當性問題談起，點出台灣在法國學術界中的特殊位子，接著提出法譯台灣文學作品的選擇策略，再透過法國出版界對於台灣文學作品提供的「副文本」分析探討法國出版社如何將台灣文學介紹給法國讀者。本研究發現，在一定程度上，台灣文學在法國的推廣依靠意識形態、時空背景及地緣政治的條件，而同時法國學術界與出版界所關照的台灣文學特殊性也愈來愈多元，給予法國讀者更多了解台灣的可能性。

"It is easy to find out that among the various studies conducted in Taiwan literature, the number of English-written books far exceeds those written in other Western languages. The phenomenon is the same for translations of literary works from Taiwan. In addition, English is generally the second language used by Taiwanese scholars, as well as scholars everywhere in the world. After the World War II and the rise of the United States influence in politics, economy and culture, many Taiwanese scholars are often aware of American discussions about Taiwan literature; however, they rarely have chance to have access to studies or translations in other language. This paper focuses on the reception of Taiwan literature in a 'non-American' Western countryFrance. In this regard, I will briefly introduce how French scholars, translators and publishers think of Taiwan literature, and thus, examine what may be the historical process of their 'horizon of expectation' (horizon d'attente). This paper begins with the issue of the legitimacy of Taiwan studies in France, which highlights the ambiguous situation of Taiwan in the world. Next, I will focus on the selections of (French-translated) Taiwanese literary works and their historical backgrounds. Finally, with the help of Gérard Genette's concept of 'paratext' (paratexte), I will analyze how translators and publishers introduce Taiwan literature to French readers. The study finds out that the acceptance of Taiwan Literature in France is influenced to some degree by ideological, geopolitical and historical factors. However, in recent years, many efforts have been devoted to develop a more diversified understanding of Taiwan literature."