日本客家研究

Hakka Study in Japan

中川學論文是用歷史學的approach開拓在日本客家學之研究。他主張應該從歷史學、政治學、社會學、人類學、民族學、流行病學等的學術領域進行跨學科的客家源流研究。他主張從客家人高的鼻咽癌罹患率研究，批判純種的北方漢族學說，以南方型諸族的女性母系的事例為客家人之血統。他認為客家有中國南部的少數民族之畲族血統。瀨川昌久論文是用文化人類學的approach敘述在日本第一的客家族群之研究。他批判羅香林在客家研究時因為使用族譜中國的父系觀念而被規定。Ward的蛋家研究以口頭傳承來做研究。他運用Ward的蛋家研究方法，進行客家研究，試著闡明客家Identity。戴國煇論文是用歷史學的approach之學術論文論述在日本第一的客家史之研究。他批判參謀本部「臺灣客家是廣東人」之學說。他運用小川琢治「臺灣客家多是從廣東來的」之學說。他應用小川的學說，主張「從福建汀州府來的臺灣客家也有」之學說。蔡驎論文使用社會學的approach為在日本的中國人第一的社會學之客家研究。客家從SAN-HAK誕生與客家從SAN-HAK脫離是汀江與梅江兩流域一帶獨特的地理環境及地區經濟的結果。換句話說，客家及其文化是汀江及梅江兩流域一帶的獨特地理環境與地域經濟的產物。飯島典子論文是用社會學的approach為日本人第一的社會學之客家研究。她說明「客家」名稱的出現時期。Gutzlaf於1830年代介紹「客家」，中國官僚在1850年代寫有關於「客民」的存在，並於1890年代開始使用「客家」話，在香港、東南亞於1920年代開始有「客家」的自稱。本來日本的客家研究是從歷史學的方法，文化人類學的方法，社會學的方法，包括跨學科的方法從不同的領域研究。因此，在日本未來的客家研究，也將以科際整合的研究方法，如社會學的方法，歷史學的方法，文化人類學的方法，從多方面進行研究。

Manabu Nakagawa's paper explored the research in Japan Hakkaology by a historical approach. Manabu Nakagawa's doctrine advocates that we should study Hakka origin by the history, political science, sociology, anthropology, ethnology, epidemiology and other academic areas of the interdisciplinary. Manabu Nakagawa advocates from heavy research of Hakka nasopharyngeal carcinoma research, criticism of the pure northern Han doctrine, and that Southern Ethnic Groups of women maternal cases were the origin of the Hakka. Manabu Nakagawa thinks Hakka were of the Shao nationality descent in the south Chinese minority. Masahisa Segawa's paper is a description of the Hakka people in Japan using the approach of cultural anthropology. Masahisa Segawa criticizes Luo Xianglin's Hakka studies that use the concept of paternal China genealogy. Ward's Tanka study was by the oral tradition. Segawa Masahisa using Ward's Tanka, try to clarify Hakka Identity. Tai Kuo-hui's thesis is the first study of the approach of the academic discourse of history in Japan-Hakka history. Tai Kuo-hui criticized the General Staff Headquarters,“Taiwan Hakka is a Cantonese”doctrine. Tai Kuo-hui used Takuji Ogawa's“Taiwan Hakka was from Guangdong“doctrine. Tai Kuo-hui also used Takuji Ogawa's doctrine“Advocates was from the Fujian Tingzhou to Taiwan Hakka“. Cai lin's papers research the sociology of the Hakka-Chinese in Japan by first using a sociological approach. Hakka was born from a SAN-HAK and escaped out of a SANHAK and thrived in the Tingjiang and Meijiang basins because of the unique geographical environment and regional economic results. In other words, Hakka and Hakka culture is a product of the Tingjiang, Meijiang two watersheds in the vicinity of the unique geographical environment and regional economy. Noriko Iijima's thesis was the Japanese first sociology of Hakka studies by sociological approach. Noriko Iijima first useed the name“Hakka”. Gutzlaf introduced“Hakka”in the 1830s, afterwards the Chinese bureaucracy in the 1850s wrote about the existence of the“Kumin”, and“Hakka”, then in the 1920s Hong Kong and Southeast Asia started using the name“Hakka”. Originally, Hakka studies in Japan used history, cultural anthropology, and sociology methods, including an interdisciplinary approach to research from different fields. Hakka studies in Japan, will continue to use interdisciplinary research methods, such as the method of sociology, history, cultural anthropology and wide-ranging studies.