臺灣日語學習者如何選擇日語成對動詞之自動詞、他動詞和被動句（An Analysis of the Selection among Triads of In transitive, Transitive,and Passive Verbs in Japanese:A Case Study of Chinese Speakers in Taiwan）

台湾人日本語学習者における日本語の有対動詞の自動詞・他動詞・受身の選択について

如例（1）～（4）所示，日語中即使是同樣表示人為事態，亦會面臨使用自動詞、他動詞、還是被動句之選擇，這對於學習者是個難題。（1）さあ、肉｛が焼けた／？を焼いた／？が焼かれた｝から食べよう。（2）さあ、ケーキ｛？が切れた／を切った／＊が切られた｝から食べよう。（3）そのコーヒーには砂糖｛が入って／＊を入れて／？が入れられて｝いる。（4）そのコーヒーには睡眠薬｛が入って／＊を入れて／が入れられて｝いる。因此本文將比較日語母語者和以漢語為母語的臺灣日語學習者（日本語能力測試N3、N2、N1合格水準）各自的選擇傾向，並指出：當遇到像「火災で家が焼ける」一樣表示因自然力量而蒙受損失，以及像「さあ、肉が焼けたよ」一樣表示因人為原因而引起物件發生變化等情形時，學習者即使到了高階水平，依然容易選用類似「火災で家が焼かれた」、「さあ、肉を焼いたよ」的被動或他動詞，而不能像日本人一樣使用自動詞。

The use of intransitive, transitive, and passive sentenes in Japanese depends largely on circumstances.Examples (1) to (4), which express artificial events,are a point in case.However,it is difficult for L2 learners of Japanese to correctly select one among them. ( 1 ) Sâ, niku{ga yaketa /?wo yaita /*ga yakareta} kara tabeyô. ( 2 ) Sâ, kêki {?ga kireta/wo kitta/?gakirareta} kara tabeyô. ( 3 ) Sono kôhî ni wa satô {ga haitte/*wo irete/?ga ireraete}iru. ( 4 ) Sono kôhî ni wa suimin' yaku {ga haitte/*wo irete/ga irerarete } iru. In this paper ,we compared the tendency of selections by native Japanese speakers and Taiwanese students of Japanese(who success fully completed the Japanese Language Proficiency Test N3,N2 and N1 level).The results of our survey clearlys how that inevents where damage is expressed by natural forces(e.g.'Kasai de ie ga yaketa ') or human-induced change to the (seantic role of) theme(e.g.' Sâ, ni ku ga yaketayo'),native Japanese speakers tend to select in transitive sentences.In contrast, learners of Japanese tend to select passive sentences(e.g.' Kasai de ie ga yakreta' or transitive sentences (e.g.'Sâ , ni ku wo yaitayo') .