從個情到至理──丘嘉穗《東山草堂陶詩箋》的成書及其對清初陶學的回擺

From Personal Emotion to Collective Moral: A Study of ''Dongshan Caotang Tao Shi Jian''

從來評論丘嘉穗《東山草堂陶詩箋》的學者，往往集中討論此書力辯陶淵明不信佛和校讎未精這兩部份，以致此書其他的特色和判斷為人所忽略。本文通過詳細的校閱考訂，詳細分析此書的成書背景和編撰體例，認為此書校刊主要所據的底本是休陽程氏本和黃文煥的《陶元亮詩》，由於此兩本皆非《陶淵明集》的善本，所以某程度導致了此書校讎未精的情況。至於此書的評論特色，除了力辯陶淵明不信佛外，還有自編〈陶淵明傳〉、以晉人風尚討論陶詩、重陶的詩寄意、發明陶淵明之高潔等，這些討論，目的都在回應清初陶學側重「個情」的表述，故丘嘉穗在箋註的過程中，往往重視「理性」的一面，並把陶淵明塑造成一「至理」的名士。而此書對陶淵明生平和詩作的細微考察，如《宋書》所載陶淵明種秫粳事蹟、《陶淵明集》的編次，都是能發前人所未見，在陶學史上有其不能磨滅的價值。

'Dongshan Caotang Tao Shi Jian'' 東山草堂陶詩箋 , a Tao Yuanming's poetry collection annotated by Qiu Jiasui 丘嘉穗 , was published in 1714. Most of the discussions of this book has been focused on the emendation and the unbelief in Buddhism of Tao Yuanming. This article analyzes the background and compilation of this book, suggested that the major reference books were ''Xiuyang Chengshi's'' 休陽程氏 ''Collection of Tao Yuanming's'' and Huang Wenhuan 黃文煥 ''Collection of Tao Yuanming Poetry.'' In addition to defending Tao Yuanming's unbelief in Buddhism, there are also some special features of this book, as a new biography of Tao Yuanming, discussing the poems of Tao Yuanming in the style of Jin, reinterpreting the poetry, and discussing Tao Yuanming's life and ethics.