狂歡與哀感：《金瓶梅》的節日書寫

Revelry and Sense of Sadness: Jin Ping Mei's Festive Writing

：《金瓶梅》狂歡式的情色書寫，使它被公認是一部「淫書」，但小說人物的相繼死亡與家族衰敗，卻也讓它被看作一部「哀書」。「淫書」與「哀書」之間，《金瓶梅》為數甚多的節日書寫，提供一個很好的研究角度。本論文從清明節與元宵節研究《金瓶梅》如何運用節日意象，作為小說的敘事背景。《金瓶梅》以元宵時空中的狂歡、失序特質，作為其情慾書寫的敘事架構。元宵的節日意象開展的生活世界，華麗與虛幻共存，隱喻著小說人物性格與家庭命運。此外，《金瓶梅》運用清明春遊與掃墓同在的節俗，將整部小說由狂歡帶往哀感。生之歡樂與死之憂傷既鄰近又糾葛，揭示《金瓶梅》的生死觀──人世之無常與生死的虛幻。縱情狂歡後的物極必反，繁華落盡後的蒼涼。「淫書」還是「哀書」？以元宵與清明為中心的節日書寫隱喻下的小說世界，二者或許都可成立。但最後收束於清明掃墓哀傷氛圍的《金瓶梅》，或許「哀書」更是小說作者遊戲情色後，最終想傳達的主題。

Jin Ping Mei's revelry-based erotic writing makes it widely acknowledged as an ''erotic novel.'' However, the continuous dearth of novel characters and rise and fall of families also make it accepted as a ''sad novel.'' It is a novel between ''erotic novel'' ''sad novel.'' The frequent festive writing in Jin Ping Mei offers a good research perspective. This study investigated how Jin Ping Mei uses festive image as the narrative background of the novel based on Tomb-Sweeping Day and Lantern Festival. Jin Ping Mei uses the features of revelry and disorder in the time sand space of Lantern Festival as the narrative structure of its erotic writing. In the living world reflected by the festive image of the Lantern Festival, flamboyance and illusion coexist, implying the personality of novel characters and fate of families. Moreover, Jin Ping Mei uses the festive customs of spring trip and tomb-sweeping to guide the entire novel from revelry to sense of sadness. The joy of life and sorrow of death are intertwined with each other, unveiling the life and death perspectives of Jin Ping Mei - impermanence of life and illusion of life and death. Those who indulge in revelry certainly have to bear the consequences and face the sadness following the fall of prosperity. Is it an ''erotic novel'' or ''sad novel?'' In the novel world implied by the festive writing centering on Lantern Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, perhaps it meets the definition of both. However, Jin Ping Mei ends with the sorrow atmosphere on the Tomb-Sweeping Day. The theme that the author eventually intended to convey might be a ''sad novel'' after the characters indulge in erotic world.