《後漢書》李賢注引《春秋左傳》考

On Li Xian's Quotations from Chunqiu zuozhuan in His Annotations of History of Eastern Han

李賢（654－684），字明允，為唐高宗李治第六子，在任太子期間，曾招集一批學者注釋范曄《後漢書》，並於儀鳳元年（676）上其著作。李賢等為《後漢書》作注時廣羅古籍，所引遍及四部，故此，此書除了幫助後代學者研讀《後漢書》外，亦成為古籍輯佚、校勘等重要的資料來源，因而現代不少學者都嘗試探討李賢注與前代典籍之關係，然迄今至止，仍未有學者全面研究李賢注引用《春秋左傳》之情形，諸如李賢注引用《左傳》及杜注之方式、作用、體例及其他相關問題，仍有待進一步探討。由於《後漢書》多取經說，李賢等作注時亦多引經為解，據筆者初步統計，其中引用《春秋左傳》及杜預注超過550條，數量已超過其引用《三禮》之總和，反映李賢注對《左傳》及杜注之重視。考唐高宗永徵四年（653）頒行《五經正義》，其中《春秋左傳正義》由孔穎達等人所撰，注以杜預《春秋經傳集解》為宗，令杜注的地位大為提升，其後《後漢書》李賢注所采的《左傳》注解，基本上全據杜注。故此，考察李賢注對《左傳》及杜注之運用，或可反映唐初學者對《左傳》及杜注之接受情形。又本文將詳細比對《後漢書》李賢注所引《左傳》及杜注與今存世本之異同，從以討論兩者比勘的校勘作用及李注之缺失，以略補充前人研究之未足。

The sixth son of Emperor Gaozong 高宗 of the Tang 唐 dynasty, Li Xian 李賢(654-684) and scholars he recruited completed the commentary to Fan Ye's 范曄 Hou hanshu 後漢書 in 676. The commentary comprises a diverse scope of citations from precedent texts, rendering it indispensable for textual emendation and the recovery of later lost works. Modern scholars have therefore been eagerly discussing textual correlations between Li Xian's commentary and previous texts, yet no comprehensive investigation has been conducted on the formats, functions and style of its citation of the Chunqiu zuozhuan 春秋左傳 . Given its extensive citations from canonical (jing 經 ) texts, Li Xian's commentary consists of over 550 citations from the Chunqiu zuozhuan and its commentary by Du Yu 杜預 , exceeding that from the Yili 儀禮 , Zhouli 周禮 and Liji 禮記 combined. His manifest emphasis and preference towards the Chunqiu zuozhuan and Du Yu's commentary might be influenced by the publication of the puissant Wujing zhengyi 五經正義 in 653, in which Kong Yingda's 孔穎達 Chunqiu zuozhuan zhengyi 春秋左傳正義 was heavily based on Du Yu's commentary. Hence, investigating the utilization of citations from the Chunqiu zuozhuan and Du Yu's commentary in Li Xian's Hou hanshu commentary would reveal their reception among early Tang scholars. Additionally, this paper juxtaposes textual variants between the received edition of the Chunqiu zuozhuan and Du Yu's commentary and that cited in Li Xian's Hou hanshu commentary, evaluating the values and constraints of using Li Xian's commentary for textual emendation.