河陰之變受害北魏宗室墓誌所見的追贈現象與意義

The Phenomenon and the Significance of the Posthumously Conferred Titles in Royals' Epitaphs in the Hoyin Rebellion

出土文獻能夠補充史料之不足，北魏河陰之變遇害宗室之墓誌，恰能補充《魏書》對個別墓主的記錄，以及〈尒朱榮傳〉中所載尒朱榮（493－530）上書建議追贈的執行細節。本文觀察墓誌追贈內容發現：追贈一般以「將軍號」和「刺史號」的組合為基礎。受贈將軍號的品級約比最終將軍號高二級，刺史號的等級以及獲得其它追贈頭銜的資格亦與最終將軍號的品級有關。尒朱榮上書的內容與本文歸納的原則不符，顯示此議並未落實於此次追贈，推測可能是尒朱榮保留超贈親近人士之用。但此提議大幅放寬追贈的資格與內容，確實可能如《魏書》之批評，導致後代的濫贈。

Excavated texts can replenish received texts; the epitaphs of Northern Wei royal members died in Hoyin Rebellion can replenish biographies as well as “Erzhu Rong's Memorial” about titles conferred posthumously in Wei Shu. According to the epitaphs, a general title and a Cishi title were the basic combination of posthumously conferred titles. Generally, the posthumously conferred title were two-graded higher than the official's last title, of which other posthumously titles were all correlated to. This phenomenon did not adopt Erzhu Rong's suggestion, indicating that his memorial was not implemented as a policy yet reserved Erzhu Rong a reason to provide his faction titles, which exceeded general standards. Although the suggestion did not realize right after the rebellion, it may still cause the excessive conferral of posthumously titles afterward, as Wei Shu criticized.