氣候、節制與健康：韓雅各論歐洲人在上海的衛生之道

Climates, Temperance and Health: James Henderson on t e Hygiene of Europeans in Shanghai

由跨教派的新教差會倫敦會派遣到上海的醫療傳教士韓雅各（James Henderson, 1830－1865），來到中國的時間恰在天津條約已經簽訂、條約體系漸形鞏固之時。他在短暫的醫療宣教生涯中與數位重要的傳教士結交，並且以醫院報告、書信、回憶錄和專書的形式，留下相當可觀的記錄。韓雅各也是最早有系統地探討中國氣候對歐洲人健康狀況之影響的醫師。本文將韓雅各為上海的歐洲人所寫的個人保健著作，定位於西方醫學悠久的個人衛生學傳統。此外，本文也檢視英國殖民熱帶地區的過程中所發展出的熱帶衛生學著作與醫療地誌學研究，與韓雅各的醫學思想的關係。最後，本文就十九世紀西方醫學在中國的歷史，討論與評估韓雅各著作的意義與重要性。

After the signing of the Treaties of Tianjin (1858) had consolidated the treaty system, the London Missionary Society, a non-denominational organization, sent James Henderson (1830-1865), a British medical missionary, to Shanghai in 1865. During his brief career in China he met several prominent missionaries and left a substantial amount of records including correspondence, memoirs, hospital reports and treatises. He was also one of the first Western medical practitioners who wrote systematically on the influence of climate on European population in China. By studying Henderson's personal health-care writings for Europeans, this article defines his work in the long tradition of personal hygiene in Western medicine. It also examines the relation between British medical studies on tropical hygiene and medical topography and Henderson's medical thoughts. Lastly, it discusses the significance of Henderson's work in the history of Western medicine in nineteenth-century China.