「國策支援」與「企業經營」之間──中日開戰後日本土建設會社鹿島組的發展為例（1937－1945）

Between ＂Government Support＂ and ＂Business Management＂: A Case Study of the Japanese Civil Engineering Firm Kajimakumi after the Outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War

從「產、官合作」切入討論日本企業與帝國擴張的研究，已有許多具體成果。在國家設計的架構下，民間企業、民間資本扮演的推進角色不容忽視，特別是三井、三菱、住友、古河等有名的「政商」。然而，其他尚有許多值得重視的日資／企業與日本帝國的發展密不可分，以往較不被關注卻又極其重要的土木建設業即是一例。本研究以鹿島組為例，觀察該會社在1937年中日戰爭爆發後，面對多層且日益強化的國家統制如何重新布局走向「復興」；究明其於朝鮮、滿洲、臺灣等海外舊版圖，以及於華北、東南亞、南洋等海外新版圖的活動實況。再者，究明鹿島組與外務部、拓務省、陸海軍部、朝鮮總督府、臺灣總督府等官廳之「產、官合作」實況，及其與舊財閥、新興財閥、國策會社之「企業連鎖」關係，釐清其於帝國擴張結構中的角色，闡明「國家統制」與「企業發展」之關係。

The study of Japanese enterprises and imperial expansion in the light of ＂industry-state co-operation＂ has produced substantial results. In the framework of state planning, private enterprises and private capital had played an advancing role which cannot be under-estimated, particularly the well-known ＂political merchants＂ such as Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, and Furukawa. However, there still existed many other worth-examining Japanese-owned enterprises which possessed close relationships with the development of the Japanese empire. One of these examples is the civil engineering and construction industry which has been overlooked previously but was in fact important. This study focuses on the case of the famous civil engineering firm, Kajimakumi. It investigates how Kajimakumi made preparations for ＂recovery＂ in the midst of the intensification of the control of the Japan Empire after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. This paper clarifies the activities of Kajimakumi not only in the old overseas territories in Korea, Manchuria and Taiwan but also the new overseas territories in North China, Southeast Asia and South Pacific. Moreover, it investigates the ＂industry-state co-operation＂ between Kajimakumi and various government agencies, such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Colonial Affairs, the Army, the Navy Office of the Governor-General of Chosen, and Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan, as well as its ＂chain relationships＂ with other big enterprises, such as the old zaibatsu, new zaibatsu, and national policy companies. Through such an analysis, it clarifies the role of Kajimakumi in the structure of imperial expansion in order to delineate the correlation between ＂the state control＂ and ＂the enterprise development＂.