臺灣閩南語本字考證三則

Three Etyma of Taiwan Southern Min

漢語方言本字的研究，其本質是書面語與現代方言的同源詞的探索，也就是歷史語言學的研究。因此探求方言本字時，利用比較方法仔細尋繹出現代方言與古音的音韻規則對應，同時透過現代姊妹方言來交叉比對，有助於我們在諸多候選本字中篩選出正確的那一個，並避免被後起的音韻現象誤導。本文利用臺灣閩南語及週邊方言的材料，經由方言與文獻、方言與方言間的比較研究，考證臺灣閩南語中還沒有達成共識的幾個語詞的本字。本文探討的語詞包括： 1.表動詞嘗試義[k_h uã5 bãi6]的[bãi6] 2.[lua6 lua6 so2]四處閒晃的[lua6] 3.[t_h ŋ5 pak7 t_h eʔ7]赤裸上身的[t_h eʔ7] 本文結論認為，[bãi6]的漢語語源是覓，[lua6]的語源是邐，[t_heʔ7]的語源是裼。 The studies on the etyma of Chinese dialects are explorations of cognates between written documents and modern dialects, namely, researches of historical linguistics essentially. Therefore, finding out the phonological correspondence between ancient Chinese and modern dialects by applying comparative method strictly as well as cross validation between sister dialects could be conducive to select the correct written character from several possible forms and avoid confusions from later phonological phenomena. In this article, through the comparative studies between Chinese documents and modern dialects, I explore three etyma of Taiwan Southern Min, of which viewpoints among scholars are divergent. The etyma I would discuss are as follows: 1. [bãi6] in [V k_h uã5 bãi6], the complement element indicating “attempted aspect marker”. 2. [lua6] in [lua6 lua6 so2], the adverbial element indicating “strolling about”. 3. [t_h eʔ7] in [t_h ŋ5 pak7 t_h eʔ7], the complement element indicating “being naked”. In conclusion, I demonstrate that the Chinese etyma of [bãi6] is 覓, [lua6] is 邐, and [t_heʔ7] is 裼 respectively.