《荔鏡記》指示詞的語法、語義特點

Grammatical and Semantic Properties of Deictic Terms in Li Jing Ji

《荔鏡記》是現存最早（1566）的閩南方言文獻，內容所述為「陳三五娘」故事，也是混合泉州話與潮州話的南戲戲文，本文以該戲文所出現的「只」、「拙」、「障」、「許」、「向」五個遠近指指示詞為研究對象。閩南語指示詞大體分近指與遠指兩種，近指詞聲母為「ts」，遠指詞聲母為「h」。《荔鏡記》中「只」、「拙」、「障」、「許」、「向」五個指示詞照其遠近指原則可分為二類，即近指「只」、「拙」、「障」與遠指「許」、「向」；依其語詞和義位的關係也可分為二類，即單純詞「只」、「許」與合音詞「拙」、「障」、「向」。文中以這些指示詞出現的格式──即指示詞和其他類詞橫向的組合關係──為研究主軸，再分別探究每個格式所反映的語法特徵與語義屬性。 Li Jing Ji is the earliest extant Southern Min script of play written in a mixture of Chaozhou and Quanzhou dialects, a romance of Chen San and Wu Niang. The paper is mainly concerned with the five distal and proximate terms of deictics such as 只,拙,障,許 and 向. Given the locus of speaker taken as a frame of reference deictic terms fall into two types： proximates and distals. Proximates such as 只, 拙, and 障feature the initial ts- and distals such as 許 and 向, the initial h-. Deictic terms can be grouped into two classes, viz. simple and non-fusional terms such as 只 and 許, and fusional terms such as 拙,障, and 向 in terms of the relationship between word and sememe. The main purpose of the paper is to examine the constructions in which deictic terms appear in particular with respect to the syntagmatic relationship between deictic terms and other types of words. An attempt is also made to ferret out the grammatical features and semantic properties of each constructional type.