田野調查從蘭嶼束清七號地事件看原位氏族土地治權面臨的困境

Who Can Govern the Indigenous Land: A Land Governance Lesson from the Dong-Ching 7th Land Conflict in the Lanyu Island

本文以2013 年6 月在蘭嶼發生的「東清七號地事件」為例，探討現行國家體制下的土地管理制度對原住民族土地產生的治理問題，兼論上述制度對於原住民土地自治產生之影響。東清七號地事件之本質，既是原住民族土地開發爭議，更是原住民族對於土地治理權力認定的直接衝突，反映出當前國家體制下的原住民族土地治理制度與蘭與傳統土地治理制度具有迥然不同的認知與做法。本研究採參與式研究取徑，自2013 年6 月至9 月之間，由研究者實質參與東清七號地事件的運動歷程，依循事件發展脈絡進行資料收集與觀察，訪談東清部落居民對於土地治理的觀點，探討東清部落居民對於原住民土地治理權力的認知與主張。另一部分，本研究將討論國家體制下的土地管理制度與蘭嶼土地治理現況的落差，藉以探討國家制度如何對部落的土地治理權力產生影響。東清七號地事件的發生，顯示當前國家的原住民土地治理制度排除了部落居民對於土地治理的權力主張，部落居民雖具有法律保障的土地權利，但在土地治理權力部分卻幾近缺席。其次，多樣而交疊的國家土地管理制度嚴重排擠了原住民族部落傳統土地治理機制的實踐空間，將使得部落自主的土地治理機制淪為不具實權與約制力的道德呼喊。本研究依循東清七號地事件的歷程經過，除討論當前國家的原住民土地制度與蘭嶼土地治理情況的衝突，彙整東清部落居民對於土地治權的主張，並提出土地治理機制重新建構之思維，作為未來蘭嶼原住民土自治之契機。 This study aimed to give a critical review on the problems ofindigenous people’s land governance issues by analyzing a significant eventcalled the “Dong-Ching 7th land Conflict” taking place in 2013, Iranmeylekcommunity, Dong-Ching village, Lanyu island, an interventional land useplan from local government (Tai-tung County Government). For hundredyears, the local indigenous people of Lanyu Island (called Tao/Yami people)have evolved their ethnic-specific knowledge systems concerning landscapes(rocks, slopes, rivers, and hills) and resources (forest utilization, fisherypattern, agricultural production, and water supply) management systems.These knowledge systems definitely illustrate Tao/Yami indigenous people’sinherent rights and power to land governance in comparison of government’sinterventions that all land ownership were claimed by government to legallyconduct land use plan. The empirical data were collected by interviewinglocal indigenous people who involved in this event. A comparativeperspective between indigenous people and government shows how differentthe ways they claimed land rights, and what legitimacy they really possessed.In conclusion, the “Dong-Ching 7th Land Conflict” indicate the problem thatindigenous people lost their land governance power and rights throughcomprehensive institutions from administrative announcements is as a resultof an injustice that competition of governance institutions were alwayspractically controlled under governmental administration.

This study aimed to give a critical review on the problems ofindigenous people’s land governance issues by analyzing a significant eventcalled the “Dong-Ching 7th land Conflict” taking place in 2013, Iranmeylekcommunity, Dong-Ching village, Lanyu island, an interventional land useplan from local government (Tai-tung County Government). For hundredyears, the local indigenous people of Lanyu Island (called Tao/Yami people)have evolved their ethnic-specific knowledge systems concerning landscapes(rocks, slopes, rivers, and hills) and resources (forest utilization, fisherypattern, agricultural production, and water supply) management systems.These knowledge systems definitely illustrate Tao/Yami indigenous people’sinherent rights and power to land governance in comparison of government’sinterventions that all land ownership were claimed by government to legallyconduct land use plan. The empirical data were collected by interviewinglocal indigenous people who involved in this event. A comparativeperspective between indigenous people and government shows how differentthe ways they claimed land rights, and what legitimacy they really possessed.In conclusion, the “Dong-Ching 7th Land Conflict” indicate the problem thatindigenous people lost their land governance power and rights throughcomprehensive institutions from administrative announcements is as a resultof an injustice that competition of governance institutions were alwayspractically controlled under governmental administration.