構建損害賠償法中統一的可預見性規則

Establishing the Unified Foreseeability Rule in the Regime of the Law of Damages

在加害給付和純粹經濟損失等情形中，基於受損權益－－人身或財產固有利益或金錢利益－－在性質上的同一性，無論依據何種性質的訴由或責任，法官應採納統一的可預見性之判斷標準：應依受損權利的性質決定可預見性程度與可預見的時間點；通過受損方的可預見能力把握對同質利益的保護力度；可預見性規則具有統一的價值基礎，即公平比例原則。可將侵權責任中的“法律因果關係或近因關係”與合同責任中的“責任限制性規則”關聯起來，作為統一的可預見性規則之制度基礎及適用空間。

In the case of pure economic loss or tortious performance of contract, no matter according to which type of claim or liability, the judge should apply an unified set of criteria for foreseeability on the ground of the same nature of the infringed rights. The unified Foreseeability Rule can be concluded as: the degree and timing of foreseeability should be determined in line with the nature of the injured right; the injured party's ability to foresee can be invoked by judges to tune the intensity of the protection to the rights with the same nature; the principle of fair roportionality shall be recognized as the mutual base of allrules of foreseeability. The proximate cause in the tort law and the limitations in the contract law can be integrated so as to furish the base and scope of the unified Foreseeability Rule.