虛擬財產犯罪的教義學展開

Dogmatic Analyze on the Crime against Virtual Property

作為財產性利益的下位形式，虛擬財產屬於刑法意義上的公私財物，但侵害虛擬財產的行為並不一定符合現行刑法所規定的財產罪構成要件。對於虛擬財產侵害行為的討論，不應將焦點集中於財物概念一隅，而應當重視審查具體行為方式的構成要件該當性。轉移他人帳戶內的虛擬財產是互聯網世界典型的財產侵害方式，但無法根據現有的盜竊罪或詐騙罪構成要件進行評價。盜竊罪的處理進路以佔有概念的觀念化為基礎，犧牲了盜竊罪構成要件的定型性；詐騙罪的處理進路試圖以預設同意理論回避機器不能被騙的法理，卻存在體系上的錯置。以非法獲取電腦信息系統數據罪處理的實踐做法只是現行法語境下的權宜之計，未能對財產侵害這一不法內涵進行全面評價。立法上，針對數據不當使用致他人財產損害的行為有必要增設專門的構成要件予以規制。解釋上，傳統的財產犯罪仍能在一定限度內妥善處理其他類型的虛擬財產侵害行為。

The virtual property is a kind of property interest, which belongs to the category of valuable articles in criminal law. However, the offense against the virtual property cannot be necessarily convicted as the crime against property according to the positive Chinese Penal Code. The conception of valuable article in criminal law is not the only relevant element to decide, whether the offense against virtual property should be punished. The most important is the way of act, which cause the property damage of the victim. In light of the positive Chinese Penal Code transforming the virtual property into another account represent the most usual pattern of offending against the virtual property, which is hard to be explained as theft nor fraud. The expansive explanation of theft are against the principle nullapoena sine lege. The explanation of fraud runs counter to the current fraud doctrine. The conviction as the crime against the computer system is only an expedient measure in positive Penal Code. Therefore it is necessary to set up a new crime in Penal Code in order to deal with the case of causing property damage through misuse of the personal information of the other. However there is also some behavior pattern against virtual property, which can be convicted of the traditional crime against property such as fraud.