論私法中的信任機制－－基於信義義務與誠實信用的例證分析

The Trust Mechanism in Private Law: Fiduciary Duty and Good Faith as Samples

信任在社會運行中發揮著突出的作用，它兼具理性和感性的成分，且關涉文化、道德、心理、生理等諸種因素，所以有關信任的研究體現出多學科和多角度的特色。按照不同的分類標準，信任可被劃分為不同的類型，而法律信任屬於重要的系統信任。另外，信任與法律分別可被視作實現社會整合、促進社會互動的非正式制度和正式制度，二者在抽象意義上有著頻繁的互動。法律，尤其是私法，存在著一些以保護和促進信任為目的的具體制度，其中具有代表性的是英美法系的信義義務和大陸法系的誠實信用。前者可被看作一種行為標準，後者在大陸法系的法典中呈現為一般條款，對於此二者可以進行比較法上的研究。

Trust, consisting of both rational and emotional elements, plays a special role in the society, which is concerned with culture, morality, psychology and biology issues, and thus the research about trust embodies multi-discipline and multi-dimension. According to different standards, there are various classifications of trust. The trust of law can be defined as an important one of them Besides, from an abstract perspective, trust and law can be seen as formal and informal system respectively, to enhance the social integration and interaction, and they can work together well. In law, especially in private law, there are some mechanisms aiming at protecting trust, such as fiduciary duty in common law and bona fides in continental law. The former can be thought as a standard of conduct, while the latter is kind of blanket clause, and they can be studied via comparative way.