商業性強制保險制度的合憲性分析

Interpretation of Constitutionality on the Compulsory Commercial Insurance System

商業性強制保險制度落入憲法財產權和契約自由的保護範圍，並因其強制性與所附隨的處罰措施，構成了對基本權利的限制。商業性強制保險制度以風險分擔為主要目標，具有平衡公共利益的功能，契合了憲法中的基本國策條款。就形式審查而言，將商業性強制保險的設定權保留在法律和行政法規的位階之上具有合理性，使其可以充分考慮全國性重要公共利益的實現。從實質審查而言，商業性強制保險克服了 保險市場失靈問題”，且在實現該目標時選擇對於公民基本權利限制最小的方法，符合比例原則的要求。因此，商業性強制保險制度具有合憲性，但這種合憲性背後的邏輯鏈條非常脆弱，因而需要對其進行合憲性控制。

Compulsory commercial insurance system is covered in the scope of property rights and the freedom of contract. Owing to its compulsory purchase and incidental punishment, compulsory commercial insurance system restricts the fundamental rights of the Constitution. However, this system frequently aims at risk-sharing and features comprehensive functions of balancing interests between the public, policy holders and the potential casualty, in ways that suit perfectly fundamental policy clause in the Chinese Constitution. As far as its present form, compulsory commercial insurance system is guided by the principle of legal reservation, which ensures it beyond the local interests and sector interests. By its nature, this system overcomes the market failures by law enforcement, and complies with the principle of proportionality in the means and ends. Given all this, compulsory commercial insurance system has a fragile constitutionality, so it's still subject to periodically constitutional review.