均衡性原則的具體化

On the Concretization of Proportionality in the Narrower Sense

均衡性原則在適用時存在主觀裁量濫用、客觀利益衡量不足和“結果導向性”分析等弊端，有必要推進均衡性原則的具體化。目前具體化均衡性原則的嘗試主要可分為兩種模式：一種是從權衡者角度出發的數學計算模式；另一種是從當事人角度出發的事實問題商談模式。均衡性原則的本質為目的必要性分析，其功能在於保障權利不被過度侵害和促進社會整體福利。為了盡可能地消除均衡性判斷的非理性，應當以權衡者和當事人為共同視角，構建出均衡性原則具體化的新模式：通過吸收成本收益分析方法，並借助於均衡性判斷公式，計算出某個最小損害性手段所促進的公益與所造成的損害的比例值，然後再根據均衡性判斷法則，具體權衡該最小損害性手段是否具有均衡性。

Proportionality in the Narrower Sense can cause the abuse of discretion, inadequate measure of benefits and results-oriented analysis, so we should make proportionality in the narrower sense more specific to limit balancing. The concretization of proportionality in the narrower sense can be mainly divided into two modes. One is the mathematical model from the perspective of the balancers, the other one is the discourse mode from the perspective of the parties. The essence of the principle of proportionality in the narrow sense is the judgment of the necessity of purpose. Its functions are to protect the human rights and to make sure that the whole social welfare is promoted. In order to eliminate the irrationality of proportionality in the narrower sense as much as possible, we should construct a new concretization mode from the common perspective of the balancers and the parties. We should use cost-benefit analysis and the formula of the equilibrium to calculate the proportional value of the less restrictive mean which can cause damage and promote interest, and then balance whether the less restrictive mean is comply with proportionality in the narrow sense according to the formula of the equilibrium.