魚豢《魏略》的宮闈秘事之敘述傾向──以王沈《魏書》、陳壽《三國志》為參照

Recounting Palace Secrets in Yu Huan’s Weilüe: With Reference toWang Chen’s Weishu and Chen Shou’s Sanguo Zhi

成書於魏晉之際的魚豢《魏略》，可說是曹魏史家私撰史籍的代表作。該書當與官方史籍王沈《魏書》互別苗頭，共同印證三國時期北方史學文化之精彩燦爛。雖說魚豢於敘述三國鼎峙局面下的敵國相關歷史時，常予人有偏袒家國的傾向之感，然而魚豢依舊大量載錄曹魏政權的皇族秘辛，曝露出內部的衝突、矛盾等種種不和諧之音與負面事蹟。姑且不論內容是否精確詳實，勇敢書寫的態度著實令人刮目相看。本文將較早撰成的王沈《魏書》以及較晚撰成的陳壽《三國志》做為參照，環繞著該書曹魏政權宮闈秘事的歷史建構為中心，細部議題涉及曹丕兄弟與奪嫡事件、曹魏后妃的相關事蹟、魏晉易代歷程的曹馬角力等進行探討。藉此勾勒、描繪出魚豢歷史敘述的傾向、偏重，察見其特色，同時窺見其著作具有客觀效果上足以挑戰官方論述的價值。同時亦有助於讀者更深刻地理解《魏書》、《三國志》，這兩本如同《魏略》一般，係屬魏晉時期唯三頗具篇幅載錄曹魏的紀傳體史籍。

Completed in the Wei-Jin 魏晉period, Yu Huan's 魚豢 Weilüe 魏略 is a representative example of a private history of the kingdom of Wei. Both the Weilüe and Wang Chen's 王沈 Weishu 魏書, the official history of Wei, together testify to the magnificence of northern China’s historiographical culture during the Three Kingdoms period. Despite Yu Huan’s tendency to be biased in favor of his family and country when recounting the history of this tripartite power struggle, he also records a large number of the kingdom of Wei's court secrets, exposing disharmony and events that signify internal conflicts and contradictions. Disregarding for a moment whether this is a full and accurate record, his courage in writing about such matters demands respect. This paper draws comparisons with Wang Chen's earlier Weishu and Chen Shou's 陳壽 later Sanguo zhi 三國志, using the kingdom of Wei's palace secrets as a central historical construct to explore the surrounding political intrigues of the ruling Cao 曹family. This sketch is used to identify the tendencies and biases and grasp the characteristic features of Yu Huan’s historical narrative, while at the same time glimpsing that his work has value in being objective enough to challenge the official discourse. This also helps the reader more deeply understand why the Weilüe, Weishu and Sanguo zhi are the only three annal-and-biography style Wei-Jin histories of any real length.