南朝時期「晚渡北人」的興衰及其原因

The Rise and Fall of the Late Migrating Northerners during the Southern Dynasties

東晉、南朝的政治與當時的族群結構有密切的關係，略而言之，永嘉之亂後南遷的僑人長期在政治、社會上居最高的統治地位，南地之吳人次之，而蠻、獠、溪、俚、越等非漢族的南方土著族群，則處於被壓抑的地位。不過僑人之中有一類被稱之為「晚渡北人」者，身分地位頗為特殊，他們雖可歸為僑人，但其門第不能與早渡之僑姓高門相比，甚至在吳姓高門之下。東晉時期這類「晚渡北人」在政壇上長期被壓抑，但到了南朝時期，許多「晚渡北人」利用政局變動而崛起，其動向影響著南朝政權的興衰。以往學界對南朝時期的「晚渡北人」問題，雖已有所探討，但仍還有再論的空間。本文擬在前人的研究基礎上再對南朝時期的「晚渡北人」做進一步的研究，包括探討南朝時期「晚渡北人」的概念，製作「晚渡北人」人物表並分析其特色，探討「晚渡北人」在南朝政壇的地位，最後分析「晚渡北人」在南朝政壇興起的原因、發展的侷限及其最後的衰落。

The peoples living in the territory ruled by the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties can generally be divided into two groups: the Qiao 僑 and Wu 吳 from the north, and the non-Han peoples the Man 蠻 and Yue 越 from the south. Of these, the Qiao enjoyed a long period of political and social dominance. Within the Qiao, however, was a sub-group described as ＂the late migrating northerners,＂ which possessed their own particular identity and status. Despite also being known as Qiao, the social and political position of these late arrivals was considerably inferior to that of the wealthy and illustrious Qiao who had migrated earlier, and lower even than the Wu. Though their voice was long stifled in political circles, by the Southern Dynasties many late migrating northerners had used the changing political situation to rise to prominence. This trend was an influential factor in the rise and fall of the Southern Dynasties. Although past scholars have already explored the subject of the late migrating northerners, there is still room for discussion. Accordingly, the study builds on previous research to further examine questions concerning the late migrating northerners, including exploring the very concept of the late migrating northerners; creating a ＂dramatis personae＂ and analyzing its characteristic features; examining their position in Southern Dynasty political circles; and finally the reasons for their political rise, restrictions on their development, and final decline.