百年論定──試論黃榦〈朱子行狀〉的書寫與朱熹歷史形象的形塑

The Writing of Huang Gan's 'Zhu Zi Xing Zhuang' and Shaping of Zhu Xi's Historical Image

〈朱子行狀〉自南宋黃榦撰成於嘉定十四年（1221）後，一直被視為瞭解朱熹生平、思想的重要文本。本文指出黃絲既說朱熹政治議論與進退出處為道的具體展現，排比朱熹生平事蹟便成為表述朱熹上承道統的重要內容。〈朱子行狀〉前半部以關心民瘼、反對近習、批評時宰為主要書寫脈絡，最終歸結匯聚於朱熹晚年的慶元黨禁。黃榦採「衛道必嚴」之書寫態度，不僅依朱熹議論樹立判定錯綜複雜政局之價值標準，亦梳理曾為同黨卻識道不明的宰執與異議之徒。正是在「百年論定」的寄託、朱熹上接道統的理念，黃榦最終形塑出以朱熹為道體展現的當朝史觀。

Completed in 1221, Huang Gan's 黃榦 ”Zhu Zi xing zhuang” 朱子行狀, has ever since been regarded as an important text for understanding Zhu Xi's 朱熹 life and thought. This paper suggests that Huang Gan regarded Zhu Xi's political discussions and actions as manifestations of his practice of the Way, which taken in parallel with the events of his life can then explain his establishment within the Confucian orthodoxy. The main themes of the first half of ”Zhu Zi xing zhuang” are concern for the people's hardships, opposing favoritism in court, and criticism of the prime minister. The final part converges on the anti-intellectualist campaign of Zhu Xi's later years.Huang Gan defends traditional values, establishing standards in accordance with Zhu Xi's political discussions with which he then judges the intricate political situation, and appraises those misguided prime ministers and dissidents that were once part of the same faction. In this attempt at a definitive judgment on Zhu Xi and his acceptance into the Confucian orthodoxy, Huang Gan shapes an historical view of Zhu Xi as a manifestation of the essence of the Way.