元代新安理學的四個「轉向」

The Four Changes of Direction by the Xin'an Neo-Confuciansduring the Yuan Dynasty

元代前期的新安理學群體以胡一桂、胡炳文、陳櫟等人為代表；後期的新安理學群體以鄭玉、朱升、趙汸等人為代表。前後兩代新安理學群體之間的學術脈絡出現了某種程度的變化，這種變化可以大致歸納為四個「轉向」：從「宗朱」到「和會朱陸」的轉向；從「附錄纂疏」到「求真是」的轉向、從《四書》、《易》學到《春秋》學的興趣偏轉、從生命體驗到「以道自任」的轉向。

During the early Yuan dynasty, the Xin'an 新安 Neo-Confucian School was led by a group of scholars that included Hu Yigui 胡一桂, Hu Bingwen 胡炳文 and Chen Li 陳擽, and in the latter Yuan by a group including Zheng Yu 鄭玉, Zhu Sheng 朱升 and Zhao Fang 趙汸. Certain changes took place in the period of transition between the early and latter groups, which can generally be summarized as changes of direction: first, from regarding Zhu Xi's 朱熹 philosophy as orthodox to combining Zhu Xi's and Lu Jiuyuan's 陸九淵 theories; second, from supplementing Zhu Xi's theories to seeking a return to the true understanding; third, from an interest in the Four Books 四書 and the Book of Changes 易經 to an interest in the Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋; and finally, a shift from cultivating personal life experiences to dedicating oneself to improving society.