金代前期散官制度－－以《三朝北盟會編》中的《攬轡錄》為線索

Reconstructing the Early Jin Dynasty Sanguan System: Following Clues in the Lanpei Lu

以金世宗大定十四年（1174）的官制改革為分界線，金代前期與後期的散官制度有明顯不同，《金史》〈百官志〉中所記載是金代中後期使用的散官表，不能代表前期的情況，此前學界均未注意到這一點。根據范成大出使金朝的出使報告《攬轡錄》中保存的散官資料，參照金代前期碑刻傳記史料，可以恢復出金代前期所使用的散官表。金代前期散官表對於更好的理解金代史料頗有幫助。此前一些學者由於不瞭解金代前期散官制度，對某些金代史料的理解出現錯誤。金代前期散官表還顯示出金代散官制度對北宋官階制度有明顯的繼承關係。而金代散官制度的改革則是從唐宋到元明清散官制度變化的重要分界線。

Institutional reform carried out during the fourteenth year of the reign of Emperor Jin Shizong 金世宗 serves as a clear dividing line between the early and late Sanguan 散官systems of the Jin dynasty. Scholars have long neglected the fact that the Sanguan table contained in the Jin shi 金史 is a record of the system used in the mid-to-late Jin, and cannot be said to represent the state of affairs during the early Jin. By referring to historical materials contained in some early Jin inscriptions, it is possible to use Sanguan materials preserved in the Lanpei lu 攬轡錄, the report written by Fan Chengda 范成大 of his mission to the Jin imperial court, to reconstruct the Sanguan table used in the early Jin. This earlier table is of considerable use in elucidating Jin historical material frequently misinterpreted by scholars due to their lack of knowledge of the early Jin Sanguan system Additionally, the table indicates that the early Jin Sanguan system clearly inherited features of the Northern Song system, while the institutional reform of the Sanguan system implemented during the Jin dynasty marks an important point in the evolution of the Sanguan system from the Tang and Song through to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.