護理學生在口腔衛生行為改變之經驗

The Lived Experiences of the Behavioral Change in Oral Hygiene Practices of Nursing Students

背景：根據官方統計或學者的研究，都顯示國內各年齡層口腔衛生習慣不佳的問題，口腔衛生習慣不佳將直接影響牙齒的健康（包括蛀牙與牙周病）以及之後影響生活品質。當我們思考未來的健康專家應具有該行為的典範時，健康中心提供護理學生口腔衛生教育是一項重任，然而對於護理學生在潔牙活動前後的行為改變經驗至今所知仍有限。目的：因此本文主要在描述護理學生經過參與健康中心之口腔衛生教育活動後，個人在潔牙行為改變的經驗，以做為發展口腔衛生活動策略的改變依據。方法：以現象學方式進行，立意取樣訪問七位曾經參加校園口腔衛生活動的護理系學生。訪談資料經錄音後逐字謄寫成文字記錄，根據Colaizzi’s 的現象學研究步驟進行資料分析。結果：結果顯示護理學生在潔牙行為改變的經驗脈絡，歸納出六個主要的概念：（1）口腔問題的自我覺察；（2）潔牙概念的澄清；（3）口腔清潔的美好經驗；（4）角色的現身；（5）習慣或文化的衝突；及（6）自我的實現。結論：本研究顯示護生在參與口腔衛生活動後，個人的潔牙行為有了改變。此行為的變化除了通過個人確認與理解的自我辨識過程外，同時必須在集體行為與大眾共識的框架中實踐。此結果有助於未來口腔衛生活動策略，包括透過集體的行為活動，來塑造共同的潔牙行為、習慣、規範和價值。

Background: According to official statistics and professional studies, poor oral hygiene practice had been found among all populations nationwide. Poor oral hygiene would directly impacts people’s oral health (including decay and periodontitis), and quality of life. When we consider the oral health-role model among our future’s experts, it’s an important issue to provide oral health education programs for nursing students on campus. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning oral hygiene practices of nursing students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the nursing students’ lived experience of behavioral changes in the oral hygiene practiced after the school’s oral health promotion program. Methods: A phenomenological approach was used in this study. A purposeful sample of seven nursing students were interviewed, tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. These nursing students have been participated the oral-health project more than 4 months in the campus. The data was analyzed according to the steps of phenomenological study as presented by Colaizzi. Results: Six main concepts concluded from the experience context of the nursing students were: (1) self-awareness of dental problems; (2) clarified the concept of teeth clearing; (3) good experience in clearing teeth; (4) the role of appearance; (5) customary or cultural conflicts; and (6) self-realization. Conclusions: Findings showed that participants’ behavior of tooth cleaning changed at some level after being involved in the activity of oral health promotion. The changes of the tooth brushing behavior is through the process of the confirmation and understand in a person’s self-recognition, and also based on the frame of collective behavior and public consensus. Results suggest valuable through 'collective lifestyle' to shape the common customs, values, and norms for tooth cleaning.