國中智能不足學生與同心齡正常兒童解數學「比較」類文字題比較研究

Comparing the Performances of Solving ＂Compared＂ Word Problems Between the Mental Retarded and the Normal Students of the Same Mental Ages

本研究的主要目的在探討國中輕度智能不足學生，在數學應用問題解題表現，並比較其與相同心理年齡的國小正常兒童的差異情形。本研究以國中啟智班輕度智能不足學生為研究對象，依其心理年齡分為七歲組與八歲組，每組各三十人，並以同心理年齡的國小正常兒童做比較。本研究以數學應用問題解題測驗比較智能不足學生與正常兒童在數學應用問題的解題表現。本研究結果發現：一、在比較類數學應用問題的解題表現上，智能不足學生隨著心理年齡的增加，其與同心理年齡的正常兒童的差距也愈大，亦即智能不足學生在數學應用問題解題能力的發展有趨緩的現象。二、在「比較」類型的問題中，以需使用「加法」策略的應用問題，對樣本學生說最難；另外「改變量未知」的問題中，同時包含比較的關係與語意不一致的特徵，更容易使學生產生錯誤的解題。

The purpose of this study was to explore the different performances of the mentally retarded in junior high schools whose mental ages were seven or eight on solving mathematical word problems and to compare the performances between the mental retarded and the normal students of the same mental ages.The results of the study were as follows:(1) In 'compared' word problems, the performances of the mentally retarded were lower than those of the normal students.(2) All students liked to use the substrative strategy to solve the 'compared' problems. Consequently, the use % the substrative strategy caused the students wake more errors when the problems actually needed to use the additive strategy to solve.(3) The most difficult 'compared' problems were comprised both inconsistent language and additive strategy.