個人能力與工作要求對照量表之編製研究

Development Requirement of the Ability-Matching Scale

本研究主要的目的，乃在編製可用於評量個人能力及工作要求的對照量表，以有助於殘障者獲得合宜的職業訓練與就業安置。個人能力與工作要求對照量表中所採用的評量選項，係根據職業分析的觀點，選擇能反映個人能力或特質的內容加以編製。本研究所採用的研究方法除資料分析法外，兼採評鑑與調查法，以考驗量表的信度與效度。台灣地區九個殘障職訓機構的八十名殘障受訓者及十個機構的三十個職類分別被用作考驗個人能力量表與工作要求量表信度的樣本。作為分析個人能力量表及「個人能力與工作要求對照量表」效度的樣本則同為十個殘障職訓機構的一百二十名受訓學員。本研究完成後計獲得下列結果：一、具有相同題項的個人能力與工作要求量表共分成肢體動作能力、工作姿勢、體力負荷、感官機能、溝通能力、工作行為、與環境調適七個領域，合計七十四個題項。此外，為使評量的實施有一致的程序可供遵循，並有個人能力與工作要求量表評量須知的編製。二、個人能力量表評量者內信度達.8047（即80.47％），而評量者間信度則為.6931（69.31％）。三、工作要求量表評量者內信度達.6932（69.32％），而評量者間信度則為.5518（55.18％）。四、個人能力量表與現時工作適應的同時效度達積差相關係數.5380，而對四個月後工作適應的預測效度則為.4763。五、工作要求量表的內容透過專家評鑑，被認為能適當反映一般工作要求的重要內涵，故具有內容效度。六、個人能力與工作要求對照量表與現時工作適應的同時效度達積差相關係數.2993，而對四個月後工作適應的預測效度則為.3508。七、對本量表的應用及未來的研究發展，亦提出相關的建議。

The main purpose of this study was to develop the Ability-Requirement Matching Scale in order to help disabled individuals obtain adequate vocational training and placement. The selection of the Ability-Requirement matching scale items was based on the concept of job analysis approach. The items used were intended to reflect an individual's abilities or characteristics related to occupational functioning.Except for informational analysis, the methods also included evaluation and survey research for testing reliabilities and validities of the scales developed in the study. Eighty disabled trainees at 9 vocational training centers for the disabled and 30 jobs at ten centers in Taiwan were used as the samples to test the reliabilities, respectively, for the Ability Scale and the Requirement Scale. The sample used for the validity tests of the Ability Scale and the Ability-Requirement Matching Scale was 120 trainees at ten vocational training centers for the disabled.The completion of this study disclosed the following results:1. Both the Ability Scale and the Requirement Scale have the same 74 assessment items in total. These items have been grouped into 7 areas: (1) physical movements, (2) work postures, (3) physical strenuousness, (4) sense organ functions, (5) communication skills, (6) work behaviors, and (7)adaptation of environmental factors. In addition, an assessment manual has been developed to provide a consistent evaluation procedure.2. The intra-rater reliability reached .8047 (80.47%) for the Ability Scale. The inter-rater reliability was .6931 (69.31%) for this scale.3. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities were .6932 (69.32%) and .5518 (55.18%), respectively, for the Requirement Scale.4. The concurrent validity of the Ability Scale and current work adjustment reached a product-moment correlation coefficient of .5380. The predictive validity of the Ability Scale to subsequent work adjustment four months after the initial evaluation was .4763.5. The content of the Requirement Scale was considered appropriate to reflect the important elements of common work requirement through a procedure of expert evaluation. Thus, the Requirement Scale has content validity.6. The concurrent validity of the Ability-Requirement Matching Scale and current work adjustment had a product-moment correlation coefficient of .2993. The predictive validity of the Ability-Requirement Matching Scale to subsequent work adjustment four months after the initial assessment was demonstrated by a correlation coefficient of .3508.7. Some recommendations were made for the purpose of applying the scale and for future research.