民主、治理與移民意願：中國大陸、新加坡及臺灣之比較分析

Democracy, governance and immigration willingness: Comparative analysis between mainland China, Singapore and Taiwan

全球化時代國際移民有其不可忽視的重要影響，因此，政策界或學術界對於移民意願的決定因素越來越感興趣。過去，學者多從經濟、社會或人口層面來探討移民議題，然而當國家經濟狀況持續好轉，為何民眾仍想移民國外？本文嘗試討論政治因素可能對國際移民產生的影響，並以東亞三種不同政體國家－中國大陸、新加坡及臺灣進行比較分析。透過調查資料分析發現，屬混和政體的新加坡，受訪民眾對於本國民主質量和政府治理最為滿意，但政治因素並非最能解釋新加坡民眾移民意願的重要關鍵。屬威權政體的中國大陸，該國人民並未嚮往自由主義式民主，反而認同本國政治制度運作方式，所以不太有移民意願。至於屬自由民主政體的臺灣，受訪民眾對於本國民主質量和政府治理最不滿意，且移民意願最高。此外，不論民主政體或威權政體，政府貪腐程度均在個人移民意願中扮演關鍵作用。

International immigration has important influences that cannot be ignored in the era of globalization. Therefore, the policy making community or the academic circles have demonstrated increasing interest in the determining factors of emigration willingness. In the past, scholars mostly discussed immigration issues from the economic, social or demographic perspective. However, why do people still want to emigrate when the economy of the state continues to improve? This paper attempts to discuss the possible impact of political factors on international immigration by comparing and analyzing three different countries with different government systems in East Asia namely China, Singapore and Taiwan. Through data analysis, Singaporeans whom country belongs to a hybrid government system, are most satisfied with the quality of democracy and government governance in the country. However, political factors are not the most important key to explain the emigrant willingness of Singaporeans. The respondents in mainland China which is an authoritarian regime do not yearn for traditional Western liberal democracy, instead, they agree with the way the political system works, so there is less willingness to emigrate. As for Taiwan, which belongs to a liberal democracy, its respondents are most dissatisfied with the quality of their democracy and governance. In addition, the willingness to emigrate is also the highest. Furthermore, government corruption plays a key role in individual emigration willingness regardless of democracies or authoritarian regimes.