飲食與延壽：民國時期上海地區對老人養生議題之討論

Diet and Longevity: Discussions on the Health of the Elderly in Shanghai during the Republican Era

醫療史學者致力於在史學領域中尋求新的主題，以關懷歷史骨架中的血肉為職志，探究歷史上人們的生、老、病、死等各種社會文化史議題，並關注各類生命與健康的史學課題。揆諸目前醫療史的研究成果，有關對歷史中老人認識之文獻和相關生理學、疾病史的各種梳理，不論中外，都較其他領域（例如婦女、幼兒）更為欠缺。特別是身處於高齡化日趨嚴重的臺灣社會，作為歷史學者，應以適當之現世關懷，來幫助人們理解歷史上對老人身體與療養行為之論述。
20世紀初期，受到西方科學觀與營養學的興起，讓人們對有關延壽和長壽乃至「返老還童」的觀念產生高度興趣，許多老人紛紛在報刊上分享他們長壽的秘訣。這些觀念，融合了傳統的養生觀念和西方的生理學、營養學等新知，在當時的知識界引發了一連串的討論，內容駁雜，必須聚焦才能進行有效的分析。故本文以當時知識界和社會輿論對飲食與老人健康議題之討論，將其對老人衛生觀與長壽的飲食建議擷取出來，分析當時人怎麼理解日常生活中，飲食和健康長壽之因果關係，加以分類歸納，並梳理這些論述的時代意義。

Medical historians strive to seek new topics in the field of historiography, with a commitment to exploring various social and cultural aspects of historical issues such as life, aging, illness, and death, and paying attention to various historical topics related to life and health within the historical framework. However, there is a relative lack of literature and related physiological and medical histories on the elderly in history, both domestically and internationally, compared to other fields (such as women and children). Especially in Taiwanese society, where aging is becoming an increasingly serious matter, it is important for historians to focus on contemporary concerns to help people understand the historical dimensions of discourse on human bodies and health care for the elderly. In the early 20th century, influenced by Western scientific views and the rise of nutrition science, people became highly interested in concepts related to longevity, old age, and even“rejuvenation.”Many elderly individuals shared their secrets for longevity in newspapers and magazines. These ideas, incorporating traditional health concepts with new knowledge drawn from Western physiology and nutrition science, sparked a series of discussions in the intellectual community at that time. The content was diverse and requires focused analysis. This article focuses on the discussions among the intellectual community and in public opinion on diet and elderly health issues at that time. It locates dietary recommendations for elderly health and longevity, analyzes how people understood the causal relationship between diet and longevity in daily life, and classifies and summarizes these discourses, examining their significance in the context of the time.