從中國古典小說《西遊記》看諷刺藝術的翻譯策略

Analysis of Translation Strategies of Satire Art from the Chinese Classic Novel ＂Journey to the West＂

「諷刺藝術」，是文學作品中用於揭露或嘲弄人事物的一種手法。作者吳承恩以《西遊記》這部小說，來抒發他對於生活貧困、科場失意及世態炎涼的莫可奈何，並諷刺揶揄他當時所面臨的社會弊端及宗教意識等等。吳承恩藉由說故事的方式，利用神魔佛怪嘲諷人世百態，披露世間醜惡鬥爭。諷刺的筆調給予作品獨特的風格。透過文學作品，反映時代現象。翻譯文學裡，文化是重要元素之一，作者在使用諷刺手法的同時，也自然地將其結合在一起。本文將探討《西遊記》之西班牙文兩部譯本中，諷刺藝術的翻譯手法，並分析及比較西文譯本是否傳達原文者諷刺背後的意義，同時藉此探討讀者群能否接收到原作者所傳達的意涵。

'Satire art'' is a kind of writing style used to expose or ridicule the people and things in literary works. The author, Wu Cheng-en, made use of this novel “Journey to the West” to express his helpless of the life in poverty, the frustrations in exams and the fickleness of the world; and to satirize and tease the social ills and religious consciousness he was facing. By way of storytelling, Wu Cheng-en scoffed the aspects of the human world and disclosed the ugly fights in the world by using mysterious events like gods, devils, and monsters. Ironic writing style gave the book unique and great originality. He reflected the era phenomenon through literary works. Culture is one of the important elements in translated literature. While Wu’s using irony, it was also combined together naturally. This article will explore the translation techniques of the Satire Art from two Spanish versions “Journey to the West”；and to analyze and compare to see if the Spanish translation had conveyed Wu’s original meaning of the irony in the middle. At the same time, the article will research to see whether the readers could receive the meaning conveyed by the author.