從OECD觀點析論我國幼教政策的公平與品質

Analyzing the Equity and Quality of Early Childhood Education and Care in Taiwan from the OECD Perspective

幼兒教育及照顧研究涉關教育、醫療、心理、社會工作等領域面向，常伴隨於國際機構或大型計劃之主題進行，本文採文獻分析方式透過經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）對各國幼兒教育及照顧計畫之比較分析的實證結果，去探討我國二歲至入國民小學階段幼教生態環境由市場機制逐步邁向公共化趨勢的教育公平及品質。全文共分成六個部分，首先介紹OECD對各國幼兒教育及照顧計畫類型的分類；其次，分析我國近期在幼兒教育及照顧計畫的轉變過程；第三部分則由教育選擇權的角度去論述教育公平；第四部分探討OECD在幼兒教育及照顧計畫上的公平觀與質量觀；第五部分由OECD的觀點去評析我國幼兒教育及照顧政策；最後並提出訂定公平的入學標準及機制、強化幼兒園評鑑機制、破除營利導向的本位思想、建立幼教質量研究的有效模式、以證據為基礎的政策決定及釐清發展公平機會的有效成分等建議，作為我國幼教政策改革之參考。

Research on early childhood education and care involves the flied of education, medical care, psychology and social work. It often accompanies the themes of international agencies or large-scale projects. The article bases on the literature analysis and uses the results of cross-border empirical research on early childhood education and care in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), explores the equity and quality of early childhood education and care in Taiwan from the process of market mechanism to public education. The paper is divided into six parts. First, it introduces the OECD classification of the early childhood education and care programs in various countries. Second, it analyzes the recent conversion and process in early childhood education and care in Taiwan. Third, it discusses education equity from the perspective of school choice. Fourth, it explores the OECD perspective on equity and quality in early childhood education and care programs. Fifth, it evaluates the policy of early childhood education and care in Taiwan from the OECD perspective. Finally, it put forward six suggestions as a reference for Taiwan's preschool education policy reform, including: making fair admission standards and mechanisms, strengthening the evaluation mechanism for kindergartens, breaking profit-oriented operational thinking, establishing an effective model for studying the quality of preschool education, making evidence-based policy decisions and clarifying the effective ingredients for developing fair opportunities.