學校組織失靈：「自舔冰淇淋甜筒」現象之影響樣態與因應策略分析

Organizational Failure in Schools: An Analysis of the Impact Patterns and Responsive Strategies of the “Self-Licking Ice Cream Cone” Phenomenon

面對學校組織可能出現的失靈與偏差，本研究以「自舔冰淇淋甜筒」現象為切入點，期望藉助組織診斷的創新視角進行分析。主要研究目的在探討學校組織中「自舔冰淇淋甜筒」現象的影響樣態與因應策略，採半結構訪談法，蒐集來自高中、國中、國小及大學共八位教育現場人員的觀點與經驗。研究結果發現：一、影響樣態包括「學校追求績效資源的壓力」、「政策與對策對應連結失當」與「重視書面成果的行政負荷」，分別對應背景思維、實踐過程與產出成果三層面；二、因應策略包括「平衡真實需求與制度引導」、「釐清手段與目標錯位脈絡」與「重塑資源觀推動行政革新」，亦產生背景思維、實踐過程與產出成果三層面的支持架構；三、影響樣態與因應策略彼此對應，因應策略更構成一套兼具省思與行動的組織革新路徑。最後，依據結果再提出具體的研究建議。

Facing the inevitable deviations and side effects that may arise in school organizations, this study takes the “self-licking ice cream cone” phenomenon as its entry point, aiming to analyze it through the innovative lens of organizational diagnosis. This study explores the impact patterns and responsive strategies of the “self-licking ice cream cone” phenomenon, a metaphor for organizational failure within school settings. Employing semi-structured interviews, data were gathered from eight educational practitioners across high schools, junior high schools, elementary schools, and universities. The findings reveal: (1) Impact patterns include “the pressure of resource acquisition driven by performance,” “organizational failure caused by poor linkage between policies and countermeasures,” and “administrative overload due to an overemphasis on documented outcomes,” corresponding to the levels of background thinking, implementation process, and outcome production; (2) responsive strategies consist of “balancing authentic needs with institutional directives,” “clarifying the misalignment between means and goals,” and “redefining resource perspectives to foster administrative innovation,” each aligned with the same three levels; and (3) the impact patterns and responsive strategies are interrelated, with the latter offering a reflective and action-oriented pathway toward organizational reform. Based on these findings, the study offers concrete recommendations for future educational policy and practice.