評限制對保險契約權利為強制執行之立法草案──以2024年6月預告之保險法第174條之2草案為中心

Commentary on the Legislative Exemption from Execution of the Right of Insurance Contract－Focusing on the Draft Amendment to Article 174-2 of Insurance Act in June 2024

人壽保險契約解約金債權或保險金給付債權，性質均為普通金錢債權，自屬要保人之責任財產，得為強制執行之標的。執行債務人依保險契約所生權利時，固應顧及比例原則及債務人之生存保障，然而保險法修正草案第174條之2所豁免執行保險契約權利之情形，均欠缺理論基礎，嚴重偏離豁免強制執行之基本原則。且修正草案所豁免執行之金額，遠高於債務人及其同居親屬基本生活所需，有違憲法保護債權人財產權之意旨，且不符比例原則。本文認為，本條草案無增訂之必要，應予捨棄。

The surrender value of a life insurance contract and the entitlement to insurance benefits are both categorized as ordinary monetary claims, which fall under the property of the policyholder.
Furthermore, Civil Grand Chamber in the Supreme Court has ruled that the enforcement court is authorized to execute the claim of the surrender value, under the premise of consideration of the principle of proportionality and the debtor’s right to a basic standard of living.
However, the exemption from execution of rights under insurance contracts proposed in the draft amendment to Article 174-2 of Insurance Act lacks a theoretical basis, and the exempted amount significantly exceeds the necessities for basic living of the debtor and his/her cohabiting relatives. This draft amendment contravenes the constitutional mandate to protect the property rights of creditors and does not align with the principle of proportionality. Accordingly, this article urges that the competent authority should withdraw the draft amendment.