超級平臺利用數據實施自我優待行爲的規制研究

Research on the Regulation of Super Platform Using Data to Implement Self-preferential Behavior

對于超級平臺利用數據實施自我優待行為的必要性和正當性存在廣泛的爭議。在對超級平臺獲取數據和實施自我優待行為兩階段的特徵和性質進行分析的基礎上，發現相對于其它競爭相關法律制度，結合超級平臺的特徵和行為規制目的，《反壟斷法》是更為適當的規制路徑。然而，由于利用數據實施自我優待行為與反壟斷法中的類型化行為特徵不符，而適用兜底條款存在不確定性和濫用風險，因此，一方面，設定事前預防性監管措施，包括強化平臺內部規則和算法的“公平合理無歧視”審查，確保平臺內數據的可携性和互操作性，能够最大限度避免潜在排除、限制競爭效果的發揮；另一方面，考慮到行為具備的合理性和潜在的排除、限制競爭效果，確定具備可操作性和科學性的事後規制條件，包括分析數據利用是否超越合理邊界，從成本、收益和必要性三個方面評估超級平臺實施自我優待行為的動機，從而對超級平臺利用數據實施自我優待行為進行適當規制。

There are widespread debates about the necessity and legitimacy of super platforms using data to implement self-preferential behavior. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and nature of the two stages of data acquisition and self-preferential behavior of super platforms, it is found that, compared with other competition-related legal systems, anti-monopoly law is a more appropriate regulatory path. However, since the use of data to implement self-preferential behavior does not conform to the characteristics of typified behavior in the Anti-monopoly law, and there are uncertainties and risks of abuse in the application of catch-up clauses, therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to set preventive regulatory measures in advance, including strengthening the review of the platform’s internal rules and algorithms with the "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" to ensure the portability and interoperability of data in the platform, and can avoid potential exclusion and limit the effect of competition as much as possible; on the other hand, considering the rationality and potential exclusion and limitation of competition effects, it is necessary to determine operable and scientific post-regulatory conditions, including the analysis of whether the use of data exceeds the reasonable limit, and evaluate the motivation of super platforms to implement self-preferential behavior from the three aspects of cost, benefit and necessity, so as to appropriately regulate that super platform uses data to implement self-preferential treatment.