俱分進化：真情、革命與大俠魂

Paralleled Evolution: Zhenqing, Revolution, and Da Xiahun

晚清思想萌生出革命、崇俠與唯情的概念簇合，本文研究安若定（1900-1978）於1920-30年代力倡的大俠魂論述，在「主義時代」的背景下，探究此三者與時進化、俱分進化，相聯匯通的跨域現象。大俠魂醉心革命，可忝為現代革命話語之列，但同時又是一特殊情論。其之創化，正是吸納朱謙之（1899-1972）的唯情／革命哲學，生成「大俠魂」的宇宙本體，指導人間革命，以重鑄黃魂、製造新人、展望大同。安氏更拈出「大俠魂起信論」，以個人克服虛無的再生為其主義張本，展示五四青年革命的「唯情」進路，與早期創造社以及唯情論者，呼應共振。值得注意的是，大俠魂之真「情」，接續清末革命的兒女英雄，同時融入五四新潮的「精神戀愛」，同歸於「鑄魂女俠」，彰顯混雜「情」貌，獨特的性別維度。從近世俠論變遷而言，大俠魂汲取五四跨歐亞反啟蒙思潮的能量，著書立說，打破「俠者無書」的歷史，推動俠論從邊緣思想向時代真理逆襲，自我加冕為「主義之主義」。弔詭的是，真情之俠竟也自我悖反，其同伴組織、新人論述表現出極權傾向。俠之現代性，在「主義時代」膨脹，也於此觸碰死亡之吻。

During the late Qing period, revolution, xia俠and qing情began to form a closely related conceptual tripod. This article, using the example of da xiahun大俠魂advocated by An Ruoding (安若定, 1900-1978) during the 1920-30s, to show the three’s paralleled evolution yet mutual permeation in the“age of ism”(主義時代). Da xiahun, intoxicated with revolution, was self-empowered by its being a special theory of qing. As a creative translation of Zhu Qianzhi (朱謙之, 1899-1972)’s philosophy of revolution and affect (唯情/革命哲學), da xiahun was given its cosmic birth with all-compassing power in the human world, promising an ideal life-outlook, recasting of the national soul and the“new man”for the world of datong大同. In addition, An composed his experience of overcoming nihilism to be his“path to the faith of da xiahun”(大俠魂起信論), which was in sync with the revolutionary lyricism of his contemporaries, such as the early creationists and the affect-worshippers (唯情論者). Together, they revealed an alternative path to revolution in the name of qing of the May Forth radical youth. Noteworthily, An’s devotion to the cause of da xiahun was strongly motivated and inspired by his“pure love”with his revolutionary soulmate zhuhun nvxia鑄魂女俠, thus presenting a multifaceted case of qing made of rupture, continuation and hybridity. From the angle of xia discourse, da xiahun, rising in the Eurasia trend of anti-enlightenment of the May Forth, claimed a unprecedented high status for it as“the ism of ism.”Ironically, it planted also a serious paradox, for its organizational theory and new man discourse expressed a strong tendency of totalitarianism.